EDGEWOOD TEST VETERANS

 

 

Questions regarding Service-Connected Ratings for Sarin Exposures:

Why can they SC brain tumors on a possible chance that it is linked to Sarin, 12 out of 100,487 vets, yet they have a National Institute of Health report from January 1994 that states that Sarin GB exposure causes delayed onset cardiac problems   here is the report  Toxicity of the Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agents GA, GB, and VX: Implic  and why are most of the symptoms of GWS listed on pages 17,18 and 19 of the VA manual  http://www1.va.gov/vhi/docs/CBR_www.pdf   there is a powerful link to known medical problems caused by chemical weapons that are very similar to the alleged symptoms of GWS.

 
Why did the March 2003 report from Dr Page not address, pulmonary problems, gastrointestinal and cardiac when all previous studies on chemical warfare agents showed a direct link from exposure to these problems?
 
The March 2003 report did not address why the IOM could NOT find 3098 men using VA, IRS and Social Security records, why, because they were dead, maybe?
 
Why did the study mention that 54% of the surviving men report very poor to disabling health, yet the study never explained what was causing the problems.
 
The government needs another study on  these men to address all the issues, in 1977 the Army had to cap the water wells on Edgewood Arsenal due to an EPA study that showed the water table had toxins from Napalm, mustard agents and Sarin in the drinking  and bathing water used on post. They had to hook up to a private water company to pipe water in from out of the area.
 
This is all available looking online at government reports. The IOM I believe intentionally did not address all the possible health issues, despite all the previous evidence in existence.
 
                                                              Michael G Bailey  

 

Dec 2, 2005

an article about abused "lab animals" made me mad, they can get press and we can;t what is wrong with this world? my response below

I know this may seem absurd to you, but as a "human guinea pig" and can't get a newspaper to print our story, I was inflammed to see a story about an animal that was mistreated. I laong with 7119 other Army enlisted men were used in chemical weapons tests and drug tests at Edgewood Arsenal from 1955 thru 1975. We can not get the government, the DOD or the VA to repsond to our pleas for help in getting our claims processed by the VA. It seems as if the DOD and the Army will not turn over the list of 7120 names of the men used in these tests.

I have been fighting with the VA since October 2002 to get service connected for medical problems that I feel are a result of the exposures I and the other men underwent. I have recently learned that the EPA capped the water wells at Edgewood Arsenal in 1984 due to the level of contamination from the multitude of toxins that had leached into the groundwater, they contained very high levels of napalm toxins, mustard agents, sarin, mercury etc, They also had to cap the water field for the city of Edgewood Maryland and pipe water into it due to the contamination.

If we were not exposed to it in tests, we drank it, or washed in it. Of the 7120 men used in the tests, in FY 2000 the IOM gathered data from the 4022 surviving veterans they could find, using IRS, VA and Social security records they could not find 3098 of the men, 40% just disappeared, most likely deceased, I seriously doubt that many men moved out of the country, maybe a few. These were men that were born in 1935 or after so in 2000 they would have been 65 or younger.

Of the 4022 that did respond to the surveys, which was all the living veterans, 54% reported very poor or totally disabling health approx 2200 men. for a combined death and disability rate of 74.43%, this is even more incredible given the fact that 25% of the original men were classified as level D test subjects and were not intentionally exposed in tests to chemical weapons or drugs, they were used in equipment tests. So nearly every man used in chemical weapons or drug tests appears to be dead or disabled. I am in contact with 5 other test vets that I have found online thur veteran boards, we are all disabled and drawing SSD but none of us can get the VA to address the tests at Edgewood.

I finally got a letter last week from the VA, addressing my heart disease and the test at Edgewood, due to a very serious mistake on their part. I wrote Senator Larry Craigs office in September 2005 after 3 years of claim denials they had never addressed the tests and my health, I have 6 of the known medical problems linked to the tests at Edgewood, mustard agents. The VA acknowledges 13 known medical problems caused by mustard agents and lewisite. It is a major coincidence I am sure that I was at Edgewood where the mustard agents were used and I have half the known medical problems.

But when Senator Craig sent my letter to the VA, they had Renee Szybala, Director of Compensation and Pensions respond to it, she sent me and I presume Senator Craigs office a letter stating that yes I had volunteered for the "medical tests" at Edgewood on 10 July 1974 but that I got sick before the test started and was sent home, so therefore my current medical problems could not be linked to the tests.

I wrote Senator Craig a thank you letter for finally getting the VA to ackowledge I had been at Edgewood but I was sorry to see they were attempting to lie their way out of it. I assumed they knwongly lied to me and to him, I hated to think they hired people that did not know how to read miltary records and health reports when they adjudicated claims. I know that my records show no such thing as she wrote.

I volunteered for the tests at Edgewood in May 1974 while assigned to the 9th Inf Div at Fort Lewis, I was sent with 9 other men for a 60 day TDY period to Edgewood for the tests, we arrived on 25 June 1974. I was admitted to Aberdeen Proving Ground Hospital on 3 July and discharged back to Edgewood Arsenal on the 10th of July 1974, where I remained and participated in the tests until August 22 1974, and went back to Fort Lewis with the other 9 men in our cars, we had 9 days travel time and reported back to Fort Lewis on 2 September 1974.

I know I was still on the East coast when President Nixon left office in August 1974, as I went to DC to watch the circus of his last day in office, Lafayette park was a zoo, hippeis smoking dope everywhere, cops on horseback. When the helicopter left the White House Nixon was doing his 2 handed peace sign and 250,000 people were between the white house and washington monument giving him a one finger salute. I was one of the few people probably who thought he should have burnt the tapes and then said now what? He was good to the military, he gave us our first good pay raises, he settled the Post Office strike which when I became a mail man helped my wallet. PS Level 5's and 6's make a lot more money that GS level 5's and 6's.

I am ashamed I live in a country where animals get better press than do veterans who were abused by the Army, and are still being abused by the DOD and the VA. After 30 years after the end of the tests in 1975, 3 government investigations, The Church Commission 1976, Veterans at Risk 1993 and the Rockefeller Commission 1993, most people probably assume the government has taken care of these dead and dying veterans and their families.

They haven't 30 years later, we are still being lied to and swept under the rug. Why? Anumals that get abused can get press, abused Iraqi's at Abu Graib get lot's of press, 3098 dead veterans and 2200 disabled ones, can;'t even get an honarable mention. Some people like Dr Jay Katz, Harvard have stated that these tests violated all known protocols, violated the Nuremberg codes of 1947, were as bad as the Tuskeegee Syphlis experiments. Because of the Feres Doctrine we can not sue the government, how do we hold our own government accountable when they are still lying, covering up, and just don't care about old dying veterans? Who do we talk to, does anyone care? Michael G Bailey 803-808-5173
Lexington SC 29072


here are some links to published articles about the test vets over the past summer that mention us, because of a series of articles written by the Detroit Free Press the WW2 era test veterans are just now being located for help, do we have to hope we live to 85 to get help, we won;t make it, to many are already dead?

Test Vet's

Superfund Information Systems: Site Progress Profile

Superfund Information Systems - CERCLIS: Contaminants

Thomas D. Segel

 

http://blogs.washingtonpost.com/earlywarning/2005/11/another_saddam__1.html  (excerpt) 

"if anyone wants any other information about the Edgewood test program, I have been investigating and researching it for the past three years, since becoming disabled. I am in contact with 5 other test vets, we are all disabled and either getting SSD or waiting for it to be approved, all 6 of us. Considering there are only 4022 living veterans, that means about 80 men per state on average, they are hard to find. you can write me at testvet@aol.com"

Posted by: Mike Bailey | Dec 3, 2005 10:25:49 AM

 

 

  • one of most informative posts to date

    This is for Mr Arkin in response to an article he published at the end of November.   It has some vital information in regards to the problems with Gulf War Syndrome and some of the medical studies done by the IOM MUFA unit for DOD to explain the health consequences of being exposed to Sarin at Kamisayah in March 1991.   Many veterans feel a lot of their health problems are related to the chemical weapons exposures in the Gulf.   I bring a different perspective as I was involved in a strange way thru the IOM, Edgewood Arsenal and chemical weapons and drug tests that were conducted between 1955 thru 1975.I was sent on TDY orders in June 1974 to Edgewood with 9 other men from Fort Lewis Washington for a 60 day period of TDY. We arrived at Edgwood on 25 June 1974 and left Edgewood on 22 August 1974 to return to Fort Lewis. We were used in various tests during the 60 day period, the tests involved unspecified substances, they were classified and we were not told what they were.   In 1985 we were contacted for a health study  that was being done by the IOM, it became a report entitled veterans at Risk 1993 by the National Academies of Science. It reported at that time that 385 of the 7120 enlisted men used in the tests had died. Very little other data that made any sense, except to doctors and scientists.   Then in 1990 I was activated for Desert Storm with the national Guard. Recieved all the shots for deployment for the gulf, went to Oman. So I wasn;t at Kamiasayah or anywhere near it.   In Feb-April 1992 I suffered a series of TIA's and a stroke within one year of discharge. I never filed a claim with the VA as I didn;t even think about it. I was working at the Post Office, I didn't think about a VA claim.   Then in Feb 1994 I suffered the first of 7 heart attacks, had my 1st heart procedure, the doctor called it an artherectomy (rotor-rooter) on a 100% blockage in my left main artery I was 38 years old. In February 1997 I had a triple bypass at 41, then 2 stents were placed about  3 months apart August 97  the first stent was placed when one of the bypasses collapsed, the 2nd stent was placed in November 1997 when another bypass closed, they re-opemed one of the orginal bypassed arteries and placed the stent there. Diagnosed with emphysema in 1997 also. Was having memory problems  etc. Skin abnormalities started developing.   May 2000, walked away from my job after 16 years at the Postal Service due to stress. In July 2000 I receieved some strange letters addressed to every rank I ever held, PV1, PV2, PFC, SP4, SGT and SSG Bailey in my PO BOX. It was a survey from a private company in Silver Springs Maryland. It had a bunch of health questions  etc. A couple on weeks later I got a phone call from the company, the questions lasted for an hour and a half, it was a survey for the IOM MUFA unit about the Edgewood Test veterans health since the end of the tests. It was like they already knew what problems I was suffering from.   In June 2002 my legs swelled up so bad I could not put on pants or shoes, I went into a VA hospital for the first time since 1997. The doctor ordered a nuclear heart test. It showe some problems so they ordered a heart cath in Oct 2002, it showed that 2 of the bypasses had failed and no further surgery could be done, the damage was to significant to my heart, there was no places left to hook by passes up to. The notes read medication only option for treatment.   I was 47, it didn;t make any sense, my CT scan of my brain shows shrinkage like an elderly person, the doctor can not explain it. I have the body of a 75 year old at 47.   I start looking at the things in my life, I had spent 10 years on active duty as an infantryman, and 16 years at the Postal Service most of it on walking routes, there was no logical explanation for my health.   I started looking at the things that had happened in my life, the only strange thing was the tests at Edgewood, and all the shots on the same day at Fort Stewart for Desert Storm, I had never received 7 shots in one day before, I didn;t know if they had anything to do with my health.   Then I started investigating the test program at Edgewood, what I learned gave me sleepless nights. I found a book written by Linda Hunt called Secret Agenda : Operation Paperclip. The book detailed the OSS/CIA sneaking german doctors and scientists into the US after WW2 thru Canada on doctored paperwork, 8 of them ended up working at Edgewood and helped set up the experimentation program on the enlisted Army soldiers. I don't know what you call german doctors and scientists that worked at the German death camps but when I was a kid we called them Nazi's. I was shocked to learn about them at Edgewood, and the fact the Army let them use  enlisted men for experiments with Sarin, mustard agents, LSD, PCP  etc  approximately 250 different chemcials and drugs.   Then I found the EPA superfund report on Edgewood Arsenal, the contamination in the groundwater and soil there makes the Love Canal seem like a swimming pool. The EPA summary states that Edgewood area of Aberdeen Proving Grounds is and will be hazardous to humans for years and decades to come. The list of toxins in the water is a full page of chemcials and metals, sarin, mustard agents, mercury, napalm toxins.   Then in March 2003 a Dr william Page of the IOM MUFA unit released a report titled Long Term health Effects of Anti-chloresternase agents, based on the study that was done in FY 2000 by the Silver Springs Maryland company and he determined the only health problems from Sarin were brain tumors and sleep disorders. He supposedly had broken the 4022 still living veterans down into the different exposure groups. Those exposed to sarin and those exposed to other chemcial agents. He did not address three main body systems, pulmonary, cardiac or gastrointestinal. He ignored those systems despite every known health study of people exposed to chemcial warfare agents showed problems with nuerological, cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. He also did not take into account the fact that all 7120 men were drinking water from the post drinking source, the contaminated wells that the EPA ordered capped in 1984 due to the toxins. Which should have negated any type of study anyone did on any control groups, as even the 25% of the 7120 men who were classifeid as level D test subjects and not exposed to any chemcial weapons or drugs in tests had been drinking and showering in the water from the contaminated wells.   Furthermore, none of the Edgewood test veternas are able to get the VA to service connect our medical problems that we beileive were caused by the exposures at Edgewood. In My case, they have spent since 2002 ignoring my assertion that my COPD, heart disease, skin abnormalities, emphysema, PTSD, ED or any of my other health problems was related to the tests. They never denied it, they never admitted it, they spent three years denying all my claims without ever addressing the issue, my DAV service officer had just submitted my file for appeal to the BVA, when I wrote Senator Larry Craig head of the Senate VA committee a letter about my problems with the VA. This was in September 2005, in October I received a letter from a Renee Szybala, Director of Compensation and Pensions, wrote me and I presume a copy to Senator Craigs office that my records at the Columbia Regional Office showed that yes I had volunteered for the "medical test" unit on 10 July 1974 but that I had taken ill and was sent home before the tests started, so therefore none of my current medical problems could be linked to the tests. She hoped that cleared everything up.   I wrote Senator Craig a letter and thanked him for finally getting me a statement about Edgewood, but that I was sorry to see the VA chose to attempt to lie their way out of this. I assumed they were lying, I hated to think they hired people to adjudicate medical claims that can not read army records and medical records, as that my records in Columbia showed that I volunteered in May 1974 at Fort Lewis arrived at Edgewood on 25 June 1974, classified as a level A test subject for use with pyschochemicals, I was admitted to Aberdeen Proving Grounds Hospital on 3 July 1974 and was discharged on 10 July 1974 back to Edgewood, where I stayed until 22 August 1974, when I left for Fort Lewis, arriving back on the west coast on 2 September 1974.   Last week I receieved a letter from the VARO, 1801 Assembly street Columbia SC   stating that they were investigating my claim for heart disease resulting from chemcial weapon and drug tests at Edgewood Arsenal in 1974. They wanted me to submit the date of each test and what substance I was exposed to. I have no idea  what test happened on what day 31 years ago, the entire 60 day period was for experiment, we worked Monday thru Thursday. They never told us what we were being exposed to, it was classified and we did not have the need to know. It was like  shut up and do what we tell you, you know how the miltary is.   But given the fact that 4 of the chemcials on the EPA list of toxins in the Edgewood groundwater cause cardio-vascular problems, I feel my heart disease should be service connected. If not for that then my cardioligist says that living with PTSD for 30 years either caused or aggravated my hypertension, artheriosclerosis  etc. They can pretend I am a chinese menu and pick one I don;t care, something the Army did caused my health to be this way, just pick something.   But the Sarin health study the IOM did to reassure the Gulf war veterans that they don;t have anything to worry about from Sarin is useless, due to the three ignored body systems, and the contamination of the water wells, DOD is using completely flawed science to claim they are not liable for health problems from Sarin, They would do better to use the Iraqi's and Iranians and the Japanese that were exposed to Sarin, they would make a better control group than the vetrans from Edgewood.   I think it is a shame that 30 years after the end of the tests, they were stopped in 1975 after Congress became aware they were happening. Three investigations, the 1976 Church Commission, The 1993 veternas at Risk and the 1994 Rockefeller Commission, that the government, i.e  the DOD and the Army and the VA would make sure these veterans who were harmed by these tests would be getting medical care and compensation if they were caused medical problems because of the tests.Not lying about them, refusing to hand over the names of the 7120 mento the VA, 3098 of the men are dead 40%, using VA, IRS and Social Security records the IOM could not locate these men, one can only assume they are deceased. These men were for the most part born in 1935 or after so in FY 2000 they would have been 65 or younger, a 40% death rate is high for men that young, then of the 4022 survivors, 54% reported very por or totally disabling health approx 2200 men, for a total of 74.43% dead or disabled, and we can not get the VA to help us, why? Are we not worthy of benefits, the numbers obviously show a bad problem. I think most people would grant that young men in the Army are healthy. Given that we were prescreened mentally and physically before being selected for duty at Edgewood test program, we were the best the Army had to offer, so there is no rational explanation for those death and disablity rates, Social Security says 3 out of 10 men will become disabled by age 65, it doesn;t say anything about 40%  dying. The 3098 men that have died I am sure left widows and children behind that should have been entitled to Dependent Indemnity Compnesation (DIC) and health care and college educations for the children just like other disabled veterans. Why has the Army and DOD refused to release the names to the VA. Why does the VA ignore claims that mention Edgewood Arsenal and the tests? Who is protecting the veterans? Will the Washington Post help get this story into the public eye, if this story does not get out the DOD and the IOM will stick it to another generation of abused veterans of chemcial weapons by using flawed studies to show  hey no problems. There are already 7120 men who are paying that price and have for 30-50 years, some of us are getting pretty old and some of us won't ever get old.   The Kamisayah veterans need an independent health study, I suggest UCLA,, University of Texas, Dr Haley, Dr Binn of the current RAC  he appears honest, I watched him testify at Rep Shays hearing on Nov 15th about GSW, he knows the VA is sticking it to us. Get it away from the IOM, Dr Page is to close to the DOD, and the Edgewood scientists and doctors, the Edgewood test program was largley paid for out of CIA funds, the CIA obtained most of the street drugs used at Edgewood, they are still protecting the names of the Nazi's that worked at Edgewood, ask Senator Dewine, he just forced Porter Goss in february to turn over the names of the Germans that the OSS/CIA helped into the US after WW2.   My shrink told me to quit watching the X Files, I wish this was a episode of the X Files, this was my life, scary huh. I expect to hear stories like this about Russia and China  not the United States.
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  • copy of a letter to the Washington Post

    I was reading the Post like I do every day, as well as the New York times, and I was appalled by a story about mistreatment of lab rats, at the University of North Carolina, discovered by an undercover operation conducted by a member of PETA. They can get an article about abused lab mice, I have been trying to get them to tell our story for 2 years, here is a copy of the letter I sent to the Editor.

    I know this may seem absurd to you, but as a "human guinea pig" and can't get a newspaper to print our story, I was inflammed to see a story about an animal that was mistreated. I laong with 7119 other Army enlisted men were used in chemical weapons tests and drug tests at Edgewood Arsenal from 1955 thru 1975. We can not get the government, the DOD or the VA to repsond to our pleas for help in getting our claims processed by the VA. It seems as if the DOD and the Army will not turn over the list of 7120 names of the men used in these tests.   I have been fighting with the VA since October 2002 to get service connected for medical problems that I feel are a result of the exposures I and the other men underwent. I have recently learned that the EPA capped the water wells at Edgewood Arsenal in 1984 due to the level of contamination  from the multitude of toxins that had leached into the groundwater, they contained  very high levels of napalm toxins, mustard agents, sarin, mercury etc, They also had to cap the water field for the city of Edgewood Maryland and pipe water into it due to the contamination.   If we were not exposed to it in tests, we drank it, or washed in it. Of the 7120 men used in the tests, in FY 2000 the IOM gathered data from the 4022 surviving veterans they could find, using IRS, VA and Social security records they could not find 3098 of the men, 40% just disappeared, most likely deceased, I seriously doubt that many men moved out of the country, maybe a few. These were men that were born in 1935 or after so in 2000 they would have been 65 or younger.   Of the 4022 that did respond to the surveys, which was all the living veterans, 54% reported very poor or totally disabling health approx 2200 men. for a combined death and disability rate of 74.43%,  this is even more incredible given the fact that 25% of the original men were classified as level D test subjects and were not intentionally exposed in tests to chemical weapons or drugs, they were used in equipment tests. So nearly every man used in chemical weapons or drug tests appears to be dead or disabled. I am in contact with 5 other test vets that I have found online thur veteran boards, we are all disabled and drawing SSD but none of us can get the VA to address the tests at Edgewood.   I finally got a letter last week from the VA, addressing my heart disease and the test at Edgewood, due to a very serious mistake on their part. I wrote Senator Larry Craigs office in September 2005 after 3 years of claim denials they had never addressed the tests and my health, I have 6 of the known medical problems linked to the tests at Edgewood, mustard agents. The VA acknowledges 13 known medical problems caused by mustard agents and lewisite. It is a major coincidence I am sure that I was at Edgewood where the mustard agents were used and I have half the known medical problems.   But when Senator Craig sent my letter to the VA, they had Renee Szybala, Director of Compensation and Pensions  respond to it, she sent me and I presume Senator Craigs office a letter stating that yes I had volunteered for the "medical tests" at Edgewood on 10 July 1974 but that I got sick before the test started and was sent home, so therefore my current medical problems could not be linked to the tests.   I wrote Senator Craig a thank you letter for finally getting the VA to ackowledge I had been at Edgewood but I was sorry to see they were attempting to lie their way out of it. I assumed they knwongly lied to me and to him, I hated to think they hired people that did not know how to read miltary records and health reports when they adjudicated claims. I know that my records show no such thing as she wrote.   I volunteered for the tests at Edgewood in May 1974 while assigned to the 9th Inf Div at Fort Lewis, I was sent with 9 other men for a 60 day TDY period to Edgewood for the tests, we arrived on 25 June 1974.  I was admitted to Aberdeen Proving Ground Hospital on 3 July and discharged back to Edgewood Arsenal on the 10th of July 1974, where I remained and participated in the tests until August 22 1974, and went back to Fort Lewis with the other 9 men in our cars, we had 9 days travel time and reported back to Fort Lewis on 2 September 1974.   I know  I was still on the East coast when President Nixon left office in August 1974, as I went to DC to watch the circus of his last day in office, Lafayette park was a zoo, hippeis smoking dope everywhere, cops on horseback. When the helicopter left the White House  Nixon was doing his 2 handed peace sign and 250,000 people were between the white house and washington monument giving him a one finger salute. I was one of the few people probably who thought he should have burnt the tapes and then said now what? He was good to the military, he gave us our first good pay raises, he settled the Post Office strike which when I became a mail man helped my wallet. PS Level 5's and 6's make a lot  more money that GS level 5's and 6's.   I am ashamed I live in a country where animals get better press than do veterans who were abused by the Army, and are still being abused by the DOD and the VA. After 30 years after the end of the tests in 1975, 3 government investigations, The Church Commission 1976, Veterans at Risk 1993 and the Rockefeller Commission 1993, most people probably assume the government has taken care of these dead and dying veterans and their families.   They haven't  30 years later, we are still being lied to and swept under the rug. Why? Anumals that get abused can get press,  abused Iraqi's at Abu Graib get lot's of press, 3098 dead veterans and 2200 disabled ones, can;'t even get an honarable mention. Some people like Dr Jay Katz, Harvard have stated that these tests violated all known protocols, violated the Nuremberg codes of 1947, were as bad as the Tuskeegee Syphlis experiments. Because of the Feres Doctrine we can not sue the government, how do we hold our own government accountable when they are still lying, covering up, and just don't care about old dying veterans? Who do we talk to, does anyone care?   Michael G Bailey  803-808-5173 Lexington SC 29072      here are some links to published articles about the test vets over the past summer that mention us,  because of a series of articles written by the Detroit Free Press the WW2 era test veterans are just now being located for help, do we have to hope we live to 85 to get help, we won;t make it, to many are already dead?   Test Vet's   Superfund Information Systems: Site Progress Profile   Superfund Information Systems - CERCLIS: Contaminants   Thomas D. Segel    

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  • the EPA and Edgewood Arsenal

    I found the EPA reports on Edgewood Arsenal, for some reason I had thought they capped the water wells at Edgewood in 1977, but after finding the superfund site info, it shows they capped the wells on Edgewood in 1984 after testing the water and finding high amounts of many toxins, Napalm, mustard agents, sarin, mercury  etc  I will post the link but not the entire list it is way to long, at least 4 of the substances cause cardio-vascular problems according the the CDC  http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/ccontinfo.cfm?id=0300421

    I liked the summary page that stated Edgewood area of Aberdeen is and would be hazardous to human health for years and decades to come. They are still not finished cleaning the mess up. 20 years later and they are still not anywhere near done. I read an article about 2 years ago where some old barrels had worked there way to the surface in the housing area, full of toxic material. I get the impression the water we were drinking and bathing in was more danerous than some of the tests we were put thru.

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  • DAV replaces my Service Officer

    I called to talk with my SO about the letter from the VARO, I was told that he no longer worked at Assembly Street, and that I have a new rep handling my appeal, I was told his name is Issac, I asked if Issac could call me back. The next day about 1700 hours I got a call, it was Issac, talk about shocked, I was. My old SO never worked past 4 and he never called me back, if I didn't catch him free I was just SOL. It turns out Issac is not "new" Issac has been handling claims for 12 years, even worked at BVA for a few years, so he asked me if my goal was to stay in a litigation status or did I want to get my claim resolved, he told me that part of my claims problem was the animosity between me and the DRO, no joke, I know that, but he ignores evidence and someone told the lie to Senator Craig, they said the info came from the VARO, so who would you assume did it.?  We talked about the Edgewood part of the claim and the best way to approach the issue from this point forward. The goal is still to secure P&T to get security for my wife and son, that is all this has ever been about. The same thing I want for all the "test" vets of all the programs, Edgewood, Deseret, Dugway, SHAD 112, Fort Dietrrich  etc, there are many prograns from 1940 thru 2003 that are experimental in nature and have caused problems.
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  • a miracle or another slapdown?

    After beginning this odyessy in October 2002, I received in the mail today a letter from the Columbia VARO, asking me for evidence to substantiate my claim that my heart disease is related to chemical weapons and drug exposures at Edgewood Arsenal while in the Army. This is their first admission I have even filed a claim related to Edgewood, they want to know what unit I was assigned to and what chemical wepaons and what drugs I was exposed to.and the dates of the exposures. They already have a copy of my Edgewood file that was submitted in 2003, the classification sheet of my being classified as a level A test subject with the note to Dr Siddell noting my "bad trip" 2 weeks earlier at Fort Lewis when someone slipped a full hit of 4 way windowpane into a drink without my knowledge, he was arrested and I ended up in the padded room at Madigan on 13 June 1974. The interviewer felt this made me a great test subject for use with the Pyschochemical tests and I was classified as a Level A test subject. The IOM March 2003 report states that all level A's were used in 2 or more exposure tests, but did not elaborate on what substances they were. I do have to note here that Dr Page of the IOM sent Eric Muth a list of the substances he was exposed to at Edgewood but when I asked him for a list of what I had been exposed to in March 2003, he told me I had to ask Edgewood, he was not allowed to distribute that information. I asked him why since the study said there was no classified data used in the study, he then hung up on me. He ignored freedom of Information requests until Senator Kennedy's office asked him for the copies of my two resposnes to their (IOM) questionairres in 1985 and again in 2000. I received them 2 days later in an overnight Federal Express Package, but no list of exposures. I have since found the EPA data on Edgewood Arsenal that explains how napalm toxins, mustard agents and sarin were found in the post water wells and they had capped them in 1977 and Edgewood had to obtain water from a civilian contractor pumping it in from the White Mountains. One study plainly states the ground and water at Edgewood will be hazardous to humans for decades into the future, this was published in 1990. They claimed in the letter I have only attempted to link my heart conditions to the exposures, I also have COPD, GERD, skin abnormalities that the VA can not tell me what they are after doing biopsies on them, I also feel the tests  and the feelings I have after learning about the full extent of them have contibuted to my PTSD. Most of my current medical problems are listed in the VA health initiative manual dated October 2003 titled Health Effects of Chemical, Biological and Radiological Weapons on pages 17,18 and 19  dealing with mustard agents and Lewisite exposures all of which are in the land and water at Edgewood. I have no idea as many of you don't if we were exposed to sarin or mustard agents while at Edgewood. But why after 3 full years have they just now addressed the original complaint and then only for one of my medical conditions. I am baffled, but I do feel this is a step in the right direction. Give them enough rope to hang themselves.
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  • 22 Nov letter to Senator Craig

    Dear Senator Larry Craig, Sir, I would like to wish you and your staff a happy holidays, I realize many of them are already on their Thanksgiving break, and Christmas and New Years are fast approaching, I wish you and them a great time of fellowship with family and friends during this joyous time of year. I write to you also again as the Head of the Senate VA committee, I recently came across some testimony that showed that BVA appeals and remands take approximately 960 days and then if it is remanded to the originating VARO for further work up and review then it adds an additonal 260 days to the process, close to 4 years. The testimony also showed that 74.9% of the claims are either awarded by the BVA or the VARO after additional work up by the DRO's. In reality very few of the claims are denied, most of them are eventually approved. It also stated that many veterans die while their appeals are in this process. This is very disturbing to me as you are aware that the VA failed to even address the most important issue of my claims, the fact that I was used as a human test subject in the Edgewood Chemical Weapons and Drug tests in June thru August 1974. Despite letters to Secretary Principi in November 2002, letters to Senator Lindsey Graham for assistance and President Bush in December 2004 in an attempt to get the VARO in Columbia SC to address these issues, all it did was make the employees of the VARO mad at my wife and I. We were scheduled for a DRO hearing on 6 January 2005, on the multitude of claims I have filed, on the 5th of January my Service Officer Robert Krause of the DAV notified me they were cancelling my hearing and wanted to have an "informal meeting" instead on the 6th. My wife and I showed up at 0900, the DRO came down and I gave him the copies of the 4 general court martials of the soldiers who had attacked me and robbed me in Alaska in February 1975 and left me for dead in a snowbank at 20 below zero.He ignored the studies from the National Center for PTSD a VA owner and operated web site, where I has printed out some of the studies that showed the linkage between PTSD and heart disease, Hypertension, artheriosclerosis, which in my case had manifested itself into 7 heart attacks and a triple bypass by the age of 43, with a stroke in 1992 that affected the left side of my brain in the occipital/parietal lobes, causing dementia.The DRO spent approximately an hour yelling at my wife and I for having the audacity to write elected officials trying to obtain help in getting the VA to address my usage as a human test subject at the age of 18. We left the meeting with the understanding we thought that I would be service connected for PTSD and my heart problems which due to their severity would have qualified me for the rating of 100% P&T, we were willing to drop all other issues on appeal. The object was to secure future security for my wife and 13 year old son. Fighting for additonal benefits did not seem worth the effort.Senator my health is very poor at the age of 50, I have been diagnosed with severe COPD 100%, PTSD severe and chronic GAF scores of 30-35 with lengthy statements from my treating psychiatrist saying that my family life, professional life are both severely impacted by my PTSD symptoms, I isolate, have no friends, and have attempted suicide twice, another 100% rating according to the CFR 38, my heart disease is obviously a 100% rating, I am not even a candidate for a transplant due to the damage of my cardio- vascular system. That is 3 100% ratings, I also have skin abnormalities that the VA doctors can not diagnose after biopsies, over 25% of my body, ugly scars, which could be a result of contact with mustard agents at Edgewood. I have LSD hallucinations which are totally different than flashbacks from PTSD, these are not a reliving an event experience, these are wild sound and visual distortions, 31 years after being exposed to LSD while in service, not self induced, I have other minor problems that should be rated like sexual dysfunction that is caused by the medications I take for PTSD. I am in a powerchair due to my heart and lungs, I should be entilted to the housing allowance to remodel a home to accomodate the use of my powerchair, I should be entitled to the automobile allowance to obtain a vehicle to move the powerchair around with me so I can get full use of it. Senator Craig, since the tests that were done from 1955 thru 1975, there have only been 2 medical studies done by the IOM on these veterans that were used in this program, 7120 men, the first in the 1980's was used as the basis for the report Veterans at Risk 1993, it showed that at that time there were 385 deceased test vets. Many had died in Vietnam due to helicopter crashes or combat, but there was one page that showed an unusual number of men aged 40-45 that had died from heart attacks or other cardiovascular problems.The next study was not done until FY 200o when the Pentagon needed data for the Sarin exposures at Kamisayah in 1991, we were the only US citizens that had been exposed to Sarin in a test situation. The IOM study compiled by Dr William Page was not a very thorough medical study of the 7120 men, first they could only find 4022 surviving veterans, they used IRS, VA and Social Security Records to find us. There was no explanation why they could not locate 3098 men, or if they had died what had caused their deaths. The study focused on nuerological and mental problems, it was published in March 2003, it found a high amount of "brain tumors" the news release this summer where the VA announced the high rate of brain cancer, was first shown in this study, I think it showed 9 men with brain tumors out of 7120 men. It also showed a problem with sleep disorders, that was not announced this summer by the VA.The study was called the long term health of these men, but they ignored pulmonary, cardiac and gastorintestinal problems? Why? They used 7120 menin chemical weapons and drug tests and then basically ignore them, no follow up medical care, no real long term health studies. I have found the EPA studies on Edgewood Arsenal, one of them stated that Edgewood Arsenal would be hazardous to human life for decades into the future, I believe the study was published in 1990. It showed that napalm toxins, mustard agents and Sarin had found it's way into the post water wells by 1977 and the EPA ordered the wells capped that supplied drinking water and water for daily use to the post, the Army contracted with a covilian water supplier to pipe water into the base from the White Mountains. So if we were not exposed intentionally during tests, it appears very likely that we were exposed thru the bases water system. Since there are no tests that can show past exposures, but our bodies are riddled with the long term health problems caused by such exposures, that the WW2 era veterans used in similar tests in 1941 thru 1945. These health problems are all listed in the VA Health Initiative Manual from October 2003 titled Long Term Health Effects of Chemical, Biological and Radiological Weapons. The only health problem not listed there is cardiac problems and that is discussed in a January 1994 report from the National Institute of Health report titled Toxicity of organphosphates GA, GB and VX. Senator, as you can see, my research is extensive onthese issues, I am in contact with many other "test vets" it doesn;t matter if we were there in 1958 or 1974 we are all physically disabled, we were the healthiest young men the army had for these tests, why are we all disabled by the age of 50?One other problem that bothers us greatly, the civilian in charge of the program Dr Van Sim, Dr Fredrick Siddell, were awarded the highest civilian award from the Pentagon for doing these experiments on us during their careers, none of the men used as test subjects despite all of us being "volunteers" and we were told we would be awarded the Soldier's Medal or the Army Commendation Medal for our sacrifice, none of us ever received these awards.Tom Segel wrote an article about the Edgewood tests vets in July 2005 titled Justice Delayed is Justice Denied, it quotes one of the staff memebers from Edgewood tellig Mr Segel that the substances we were exposed to are probably still classified, they have all been banned by International Chemical Weapons Treaties that the United States are signatories to. The experiments WERE hazardous to our health, some men died during the tests, he called our volunteering to be above and beyond the normal call to duty, and our sacrifice in these tests, probably saved many thousands of lives by showing the danger of using these substances on humans in a battlefield environment. He stated that we should have been awarded the Soldiers Medal. Due to the fact these assignments were never put on our 201 files, since they were done by TDY orders, which were not filed and kept, there is nothing in our personnel files to show our volunteering for these tests.It has been 30 years since the test program was shut down in 1975, yet the Army and the DOD has failed to supply the VA with the names of the 7120 men who were used in this program, why? Dr Susan Mathers told Congressman Bilirakis on March 10, 1993 that they would find all the test vets and get them medical care and or compensation if they deserved it, she never complied with her promise to Congress, and we test vets have been deprived of benefits, medical care, security for our families. Senator I have many medical problems, today I was diagnosed with a severe pulmonary infection, he was not sure if it is bronchitis or pnuemonia he gave me some antibiotics and if I am not better by Monday I will go back to the VA for further treatment. Senator, I have Congestive Heart Failure, a heart that is in very poor shape, lungs that are all but destroyed. I doubt I have 4 more years to fight with the VARO. My file is on hold as I wrote you in Sept.
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  • A brief History of my VA claim process

    I need from all the other test veterans a similar statement to what I am going to publish here so we can compare how the VA is denying us all benefits, please e mail them to me and I will post them to the site and send them to Tom Segel for research on future articles. It should prove beneficial to all of us in the long run.

    My experience with the VA claims process began in October 2002 after I was told to file for SSD by my VA heart doctor, they had done an angioplasty and found that 2 of my bypasses had closed off and my ejection fraction was 25%, both qualified me on standards set by SSA, for award of disability. In November after researching the Edgewood tests, I wrote to Secretary Principi asking for his assistance with my claim as I knew it was going to be trouble, between the tests at Edgewood and being a Gulf War 1 veteran, both which are problem issues with the VA. He sent my letter to the Director of VARO in Alabama, who in tunred told me I didn;t have a claim in the system, not in Alabama, I filed it in South Carolina, but to make matters worse I had a service officer from the American Legion that told me I could I only file for one problem at a time, so we decided on the most serious issue, my heart problems, I was diagnosed with PTSD before we ever got the first denial letter in July 2003, so I asked him to file for the PTSD claim and to NOD the denial on the heart decision, he told me he wouldn't file a claim for a non-combat vet for PTSD, we got in a heck of an argument, he then said he would file it and the NOD on the heart issue. This was in July 2003, at Xmas time we stopped by his office while we were at the hospital and he was gone for the holidays but his secretary pulled my file and there laid all my paperwork, he had never filed the claim for PTSD nor had he filed the NOD, I revoked his Power of Attorney, and my wife and I went to 1801 Asssembly street the next day and filed for everything I had wrong with me, PTSD, GERD, the NOD on my heart problems, my back L5/S1 herniated disks, LSD residuals, flashbacks and hallucinations, skin abnormalities, we filed for all my medical problems, they of course denied them.

    I then wrote President Bush at my shrinks insistence, and Senator Lindsey Graham, in the meantime I learned that copies of the court martials of the men who attacked me in Alaska were at HQ DA Clerk of Court Office, she sent me the 4 general court martials of the men sent to Leavenworth for assaulting and robbing me and sticking me unconcious in a snowbank in 20 below zero weather. We had a DRO hearing scheduled for Jan 6 2005, it was cancelled and they made it an "informal meeting" the DRO spent an hour yelling at my wife and I for writing elected officials, we left with the understanding that if I agreed to drop all the other issues, I would be service connected for PTSD and heart disease, giving me my 100% P&T, after my C&P for PTSD they rated me at 50% and denied all the other issues including the heart problems.

    I have appealed everything to BVA, but I wrote Senator Craig in September due to the fact that the VA will not address the issues of me being used in the tests at Edgewood,  he contacted the VA and Renee Szybala wrote me a letter and I presume Senator Craig that I had volunteered for the "medical tests" at Edgewood on 10 July 1974 but got sick before the tests started and therefore none of the problems I currently have could be related to chemical weapons or drug tests.

    I wrote Senator Craig back that I appreciated his help, that this was the first response I had from the VA about Edgewood, but there response was totally inaccurate, that I volunteered in May 1974 arrived on 25 June 1974 and left Edgewood on 22 August 1974, the entire 60 day TDY period. I did spend 7 days in the hospital at Aberdeen from 3 July thru 10 July 1974. So I was baffled on why the VA chose to lie about what my records truly show.

    That is the point it sits at now, I was told by my SO that my file is now on BVA hold, whatever that means, he has requested a video conference or a traveling board whichever can be done first.

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  • apologies to all for my absence

    We have spent the past week moving to a larger home at Lake Murray as our daughter and 2 of our grandchildren have come to live with us. Getting settled and getting my computer desk set back up has been a slow process, priorities you know. I did submit evidence to a congressional hearing on 15 November for Congressman Shay's oversight of Gulf War issues, I firmly beleieve the problems the GW1 veterans are having are related to the chemical weapons exposures at Edgewood and if a full study of the Cold War era veterans was done it would show the connections. The March 2003 study done by Dr Page of the IOM was not comprehensive and does not explain  why so many veterans are deceased and so many disabled that volunteered for the tests at Edgewood. The study totally ignored three main body systems, cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal. I for one am curious on how those systems affect all of us? Is there a linkage to our current health problems, and the toxins we were exposed to either intentionally or unintentionally thru the contaminated water system, the EPA forced the Army to cap in 1977 at Edgewood.
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  • Apologies to all

    With respect to all, I mis-understood what the 638's were that Congressman Hyde's office had submitted for Albert Ellek and the other man from Illinois, with regret I thought it applied to all, if I have caused problems to Congressman Hyde, Alice Horstman of the Ellek family, I truly and deeply regret it  Mike Bailey
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  • Veterans Day 2005

    With the phone calls I have had in the past week, I have a renewed faith that we test veterans may actually see some action on our mutual plight finally after all these years. I am more hopeful now, than I have been in many years. Of the many letters we have sent to politicians, Eric's DVD production that was sent to the committe's on VA in both houses of Congress, DOD , Senators and Congress critters, and the combined efforts of all of us, Michael Ellek's tireless efforts with Congressman Hyde and one of his aides Alice Hortsman, in many cases the politicians get the credit when things happen when in reality it is the staffers who do the hard work of getting the files together, do the leg work, work with the different agncies on behalf of the elected officials to get us the benefits and or recognition we deserve, but was overlooked while we were on active duty. Tom Segel's work in writing articles that desrcribe our plight to the public and the politicians, so they can be more informed when having to make decisions regarding our future's, these people have done this out of concern, and caring, not for personal glory or any type of financial gain, they have the purest motives, decency. I hope all that read this can find a way to send your thank you's to these great americans.
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  • old blog

    I found the original blog I had created in 2004 before my old computer crashed and I couldn't remember the web address, I hate it when hard drives crash and burn, especially since I have such a bad case of CRS. There are a lot of good posts from last years here. http://abusedvets.blogspot.com/
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  • letter to Senator Rockefeller

    Dear Senator Rockefeller,  We as a group need your assistance. In 1994 a commission that you headed investigated the human experimentation programs, nuclear, biological and chemical weapons.

    I am one of the 7120 enlisted army veterans that was used in the program at Edgewood between 1955 thru 1975. Sir, 40% of these men are dead 3098 as of FY 2000. Of the 4022 men the IOM could locate 54% reported very poor to totally disabling health approximately 2200 men. Sir, these numbers are extremely high.

    I have been attempting to get the VA to address these issues for over 3 years. I first wrote Secretary Principi for help in November 2002. and ever since then the VARO has denied all my claims without ever addressing the issue of the test program at Edgewood.

    In frustration in September 2005 I wrote Senator Larry Craig, he asked the VA what was going on, on 6 October 2005 I receieved a letter from Ms Renee Szybala, that ststed yes, I volunteered for the test program on 10 July 1974, but my records showed that I got sick and was sent home before the tests started, therefore none of my current medical problems could be related to the tests at Edgewood.

    Senator, there is one major problem with her statement, none of it is true, my records show that I arrived at Edgewood on 25 June 1974, I was classified as a Level A test subject for use with pyschochemicals, on 3 July I was admitted to Aberdeen Proving Ground Hospital, and I was discharged on the 10th of July 1974 back to Edgewood, not Fort Lewis. I stayed and participated in tests until 22 August 1975, when my 60 day TDY period ended.

    What also never gets mentioned is the fact that the EPA ordered the water wells capped at Edgewood in 1977 due to toxins from Napalm, Sarin and mustard agents being found in the wells on Edgewood, they had to hook up to a civilian water supplier. So if we were not intentionally exposed to it in tests, we were drinking it in our coffee, taking showers in it, and the swimming pool was full of it.

    Senator, this is not just one mans problem, this affects 7120 veterans and their families, I am in contact now with 5 other Edgewood vets, we are all disabled and drawing SSD, but the VA either ignores out claims or lies to us.

    Mike Moritz of the republican staff of the senate VA committee is investigating this issue right now, is there a way that both parties could endorse justice for these veterans 30 years after the tests ended and the investigations began. We are dying, and it appears at quite a rapid rate.

    The 1985 study showed 385 deceased veterans, by 2000 the number had jumped to 3098, quite an increase in 15 years.

    This is not a democrat nor a republican issue, it's an american issue, and we the veterans are the pawns, we never received the medals we were promised, and now it appears we can not get the VA benefits we were promised if we were hurt in service to our country.

    I thank you for your time.

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  • Congressman Steve Buyer

    Congressman Steve Buyer,  I am writing you in regards to your position as head of the House VA committee. You need to be aware of my case, or rather my dealings with the VARO and Va in Washington DC. I have attempted since November 2002 since I first wrote Secretary Principi asking for help to get a successful resolution of my problem. I have been ignored for three years, the VARO would not even mention my main point of contention that my current medical problems are related to the chemcial weapons and drug research I participated in June thru August 1974. They just never addressed the issues in all their denial letters of my problems.   Finally out of frustration I wrote Senator Craig as head of the Senate VA committee a letter in September 2005, Renee Szybala was tasked with replying to the problem, her solution was to write me a letter stating that after a review of my records at the Columbia Regional Office they showed that yes I volunteered for the medical test program on 10 July 1974 but that I had taken ill and sent home before the tests began. Therefore none of my current medical problems could possibly be related to any yests at Edgewood.   There is a major problem with her assertions though, they aren't true. My records show that I volunteered in May 1974 at Fort Lewis Wash, I arrived at Edgewood Arsenal on 25 June 1974, I was admitted to Aberdeen Proving Ground Hospital on 3 July and discharged on 10 July, back to Edgewood and the test program as a level A test subject, not home as Ms Szybala states. I left Edgewood Arsenal on 22 August 1974, to return to Fort Lewis. They ask us to prove what we were exposed to. Since they never told us what they were exposing us to, that is a hurdle none of us can over come. I refer you to an article written by Tom Segel on 22 July 2005 published in GOPUSA.com where a former Edgewood staff member states that all the substances were classified and as far as he knows they are all still classified.   All I do know is that at the age of 36 I had a series of TIA's and a stroke that bled out in the left side of my occipital/parietal lobes, within 12 months of discharge from Desert Storm. I had my first heart attack at 38, triple bypass at 41 and totally disabled at 45 with heart disease, COPD, skin abnormalitites that the VA can not explain after doing biopsies on the affected area's. I also have emphysema, sexual dysfunction and PTSD. The PTSD comes from 2 stressors at least, 7 fellow soldiers beat me and robbed me and stuffed me in a snowbank in Alaska in Feb 1975, at 20 below zero. The other one is the nightmares I suffered from learnin g about the Nazi doctors and scientists the Army employed thru the CIA after WW2 at Edgewood that were used to set up the human experimentation program the Army was using at Edgewood Arsenal. These were men that should have been tried at Nuremberg, not in the US using American GI's for guinea pigs.   Sir, there are 7120 enlisted army soldiers that were used in these tests from 1955 thru 1975, a health study completed in March 2003, data gathered in FY 2000 by the IOM shows that 40% of the men are deceased 3098 men. Of the 4022 men they were able to locate, 54% of them reported very poor or totally disabling health, for a combined rate of 74.43% affected rate. Sir, I would like to point out these men were for the most part 65 or younger in 2000.   This is not going to end with me, I am in contact with 6 other test vets, we are all disabled and the VA refuses to address our claims honestly. We were used and abused in a program that was in violation of the Nuremberg Codes of 1947, three government investigations have all noted this, the 1976 Church Commission, the 1993 Veterans at Risk report by NAS, and the 1994 Rockefeller Commission. When will the VA accept the responsibility for our medical problems? Why do they feel the necessity to ignore the problems and then when they get cornered they attempt to lie there way out of it. I was of the belief that lying toCongressmen and Senator's was something that government employees just didn't do. I guess I was naive.   Here is a blog site where we are gathering the data to present to our elected officials. We served honorably and we feel we deserve to be treated honorably. Veterans Day is fast approaching, is taking care of veterans a feel good spech topic or is it something that Congress does? Isn't it about time these veterans receive the benfits they deserve? I feel as the head of the House's committee on Veteran's Affairs if you are not willing to help us, who should do it then?
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  • Senator Lindsey Graham

    Since he is my state senator I felt it was time to bring him up to date on my activities since I am sure he is going to hear from other Senators about my activities. I sent him and e mail to the Columbia office,  and recommended that he speak with Mike Moritz at the Senate VA committee office in DC. I explained about the letters to Senator Craig and the reply we recieved from Renee Szybala of the VA office in DC. I just don;t want to hear I wasn't keeping my own senator up to date on my activities.
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  • Senator Allen replies: my response below

    Dear Mr. Bailey:

    Thank you for sending me the news clipping entitled, "Warning! Republicans Are Losing Veteran Support Over Failed Promises!" I appreciate your alerting me about this important issue.

    It is always helpful to know what issues are important to the people of Virginia and the nation. Please be assured that I will continue to apply my Jeffersonian conservative principles to all the issues that come before me in the United States Senate.

    Thank you again for taking the time to contact me. If you would like to receive an e-mail newsletter about my initiatives to improve America, please sign up on my website (http://allen.senate.gov). It is an honor to serve you in the United States Senate, and I look forward to working with you to make Virginia and America a better place to live, learn, work and raise a family.

    With warm regards, I remain


    Sincerely,


    Senator George Allen

    Senator Allen, I would like to thank you for your response, you should be pleased to know that you are the first presidential candidate to reply to my e mails. However you failed to address the issue of the Edgewood test veterans who are being systematically denied benefits by the VA. DoD and the Army's failure to provide the VA with the names of the 7120 veterans who were used in the chemcial weapons and drug research between 1955 thru 1975 has denied the veterans and their families from being able to obtain the veterans benefits we should be entitled to. I urge you to contact Mike Moritz at the Senate Veteran Affairs Committee and learn what has been happening to these men. Congressman Hyde has sent the Department of the Army 638's recommending the award of the Soldier's Medal to these  men for risking thier lives in these experiments.   As of FY 2000, 40% of them men were dead 3098, of the 4022 survivors 54% are disabled approximately 2200 men, yet none of us are service connected due to the medical problems caused by participating in that program.   Our group would really like to know your position if you are in favor of us getting the benefits we deserve and making the DOD and Army turn our names over to the VA, or is it okay for them to stonewall our efforts to obtain benefits?   I have spent three years trading nice letters with politicians, Senator Graham, Senator DeMint, Senator Hollings, Congressman Joe Wilson and Secretary Principi, yet no one does anything about the problem. We are dying and we need help, you want to run for President, are you willing to help us get the benefits we deserve or not? It's really a simple question. A few Senators asking DOD and the Army to do the right thing should make them get off the dime and fix this.   Senator I am not ashamed I am dying, my wife and son need the benfits they deserve, I have written the same letter to all Presidential wannabe's, Governor's Senator's and Congressmen, we will publish their names and the positions they take on this issue, nice letters and ignoring the issue will get you listed in the ignored column in the article. There are three columns  helped, ignored, or against   it is your choice where you get listed.    Senator when you are dying there is not time to play nice, I served my country proudly for 14 years in the Army 2 wars, 17 years at the Postal Service, my medical problems were caused by the tests at Edgewood in 1974. I am 50 and have the body of a 75 year old, severe heart disease, COPD, PTSD, skin abnormalities, sexual dysfunction, emphysema, all of it related to chemcial weapon exposure, the PTSD is a result of 2 things, 7 fellow soldiers attacked and robbed me in Alaksa in 1975 left me for dead in a snowbank at 20 below zero and then in 2002 I learned about the 8 Nazi doctors the CIA hid at Edgewood arsenal to do the experiemnts on american soldiers  after WW2. Porter Goss just this year agreed to release the CIA files on the Nazi;s after Senator Dewine offered to let him testify at an open hearing in February about them.   I don't know what is more frustrating the VA ignoring me or the fact my government let Nazi doctors and scientists from the death  camps develop experiments that I was used in, both are pretty disgusting thoughts when you get down to it.   Michael G Bailey 803-791-7953  

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  • update on Blog's

    Blog's are catching on and are viewed by many people, before I created this one, I use to have another one that I created about 2 years ago, but I lost it when my HP bit the dust, but last month, I met a guy that runs a blog named Monkey McGee Monkey McGee’s Wild Ride and his grandfather had been gassed with Mustard agents in the Aluetion Islands in WW2  and spent years before he ever obtained the benefits he deserved from the VA. So in understanding our plight he ran a story about my personal problems and our joint problems. He has a tracker to see who views his site and it appears a senate web address showed up last week as viewing the blog.  For your info he orginally put up a statement that he was not adding anymore posts until at least one other fellow blogger posted the story or a link to his site explaining what it was about, a fellow blogger by the name of Bombadil stepped up Bombadil’s » Blog Archive » Monkey’s request  to read the rest of his blog click on his name at the top and it will take you to his active postings. When you get help from fellow blogger's please give credit where it is deserved, these fellow men and women can help us spread our story free of charge and you never know who may happen to read it. Let's be honest with over 40% of us already dead and all of us in contact are disabled, times are getting short and we need all the help we can get, and if Monkey and Bombadil don;t understand what I am saying here, is THANK YOU FROM THE BOTTOM OF OUR HEARTS, YOU GUYS ARE GREAT...............................
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  • the time line of my health problems

    October 1973   joined the Army  Los Angeles Calif

    November - January 1974  Basic Training Fort Ord

    January - March 1974    Advanced Individual Training Infantry  Fort Polk Louisiana

    March 1974    Assigned to the Co C  2nd Battalion 47th Infantry  9th Division Fort Lewis Washington

    May 1974    Volunteered for medical test unit at Edgewood Arsenal

    June 13 1974  SP4 from my platoon slipped a full hit of 4 way windowpane LSD into a coke I was drinking while on CQ Runner duty, woke up in padded cell at Madigan Hospital. He was arrested.

    June 25 1974   Arrived at Edgewood Arsenal for human experimentation program

    3 -10 July admitted to hospital at Aberdeen Proving Grounds Maryland, sent back to Edgewood

    9 August 1974  went to Washington DC to watch President Nixon resign and leave

    22 August 1974  the 60 day  TDY period ended left Edgewood to return to Ft Lewis

    Feb 1975  was attacked and robbed by 7 fellow soldiers and left for dead in a snowbank at Fort Wainwright Alaska  weather was 20 degrees below zero

    March 1975  Back at Fort Lewis, someone attempted to run me over while walking on a sidewalk by the PX, learned that the 7 soldiers were free pending trial, Chain of Command said there was nothing they could do to protect me, I went Awol, I was scared they were trying to kill me

    April 1975 Battalion CSM called my mom and said the 7 men were in pre-trial confinement and asked for me to return to Fort Lewis, I received a Article 15 and received 7 days extra duty as punishment

    April 1975 requested re-assignment to Korea

    August 1975  PCS'd from Fort Lewis to 2nd Infanry Division, assigned to B Co 1/31st Infantry DMZ, Korea

    many different assignments until  discharge as a Staff Sergeant in September 1982 at Fort Ord California

    October 1988 Joined the Georgia National Guard  878th Engineer Battalion Augusta Ga

    October 1990 volunteered for re-assignment to HHC 1/121st Infantry 48th Brigade for activation for Desert Storm

    November 30 1990 - April 22 1991 active duty 48th Brigade

    June 1991 returned to 878th Engineers

    Feb- April 1992 series of TIA's and a stroke

    August 1992  878th Engineers sent to Oman for ADT

    October 1992 left the National Guard due to health

    March  1993 Back surgery L5/S1

    February 1994  1st Heart attack  Dr did an artherectomy out of work three weeks

    February 1997  Triple Bypass  out of work 4 months returned to work June 1997

    May 1997  blood clot caused heart attack  angioplasty

    August 1997  heart attack  by pass failed  stent placed

    November 1997 heart attack other by pass failed, re-opened original by passed artery stent placed

    February 1998 heart attack angioplasty

    Father's  Day 1998 stress related heart attack - missed doctors note that said I should retire, I was so fed up at that point I quit taking all my meds and quit going to Doctor's

    May 2000 injured my back delivering mail, on the 20th I resigned from Postal Service, on the 24th I attempted suicide by overdosing on pills and drinking, woke up three days later, no insurance so they decided I needed to live with somebody and moved me in with Uncle Bill.

    June 2002 my legs swelled up to point I couldn't wear shoes or pants, I went to VA as I had no insurance, they did some tests ordered a heart cath in Oct 2002

    Oct 26th 2002 VA doctor DR Ahmed, told me the cath showed that 2 of my bypasses had closed off and I had a heart ejection fraction of 25%, told me to file for SSD.

    October/November 2002 started researching why my health had gotten so bad at such a young age, stroke at 36, heart attack at 38 triple bypass at 41 and totally disabled by 47. The multitude of problemsI was having just didn;t make sense.

    I had been diagnosed with COPD, skin problems with no explainable reasons, Hypertension, CAD, atherersclerosis, emphysema,  in Feb I was treated for stress and diagnosed with PTSD, I had been sent to pyschiatrists by the Post Office on and off for years due to angry outbursts at work.

    March 2003 received in mail a IOM MUFA unit study that showed that 3098 men of the 7120 men used at Edgewood in the human experimentation could not be found using VA, IRS and Social Security records, one can only assume they were dead at the time the data was gathered in FY 2000. The study never said why they died. It never admitted they were dead either. The study then pointed out that 25% of the men had been classified as level D test subjects and they had never been exposed to any chemicals or drugs. It then went on to say that 54% of the survivors reported very poor or totally disabling health, approximately 2200 men. It never said what was causing the poor health.

    The report did say that all Level A subjects had been exposed to two or more substances. If you look at the numbers of dead and disabled the data reveals that nearly every man exposed was either dead or disabled 74.43% , remember 25% had been classified as level D's. The report  ignored pulmonary, cardio-vascular and gastrointestinal health problems, even though all other studies dealing with chemcial weapons research shows that all the test subjects had problems with these areas. The SIPRI study of 1975 by DR Lohs, done on WW2 era  wermacht soldiers.

    Even after three national level investigation on the program, the DOD and the Army will not release the names of the 7120 veterans used in the experimentation. The VA sent a panel to a Congressional meeting on 10 March 1993 and they Dr Susan Mathers and others promised the Congressmen that they would find all the veterans involved in the tests and get them medical care and compensation it it was warranted. Congressman Bilirakis was at that meeting. The VA did nothing, they forget about it, when it was discovered in November 2004 by David Zeman of the Detroit Free Press while he was investigating the WW2 era veterans used in similar tests at Edgewood, the VA, Renee Szybala announced the VA was getting right on the problem, in March 2005 the VA announced they were seeking the WW2 era veterans of the tests, when I called the 1 800 number I was told that they were not taking claims from the Cold War era veterans.

    I was and am angry, I know this sounds bad, but the cold war era veterans have a higher death and disability rate that do the WW2 era veterans, I would imagine more of them, percentage wise are still alive, many of them probably healthier that the cold war veterans.

    I am just curious if Congress or the Veterans Administration will treat these veterans with the respect and dignity they deserve, so far all I have seen are lies.

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  • Senate VA committee

    We have had phone contact with a member of the senate staff this morning about the Edgewood issue and the current medical condition of many of the veterans. I personally was impressed with talking with a member of the senate staff that appeared to be highly intelligent and did not have to have things spelt out for him. He took the data and understood what the numbers meant.. He seemed to understand that the veterans of the tests have been on the short side of recognition and obtaining the benefits we deserve. I sent hime much of the official sites from the IOM, NIH,  VA  medical training manuals etc. If you talk with anyone from the government concerning our situation please use only above board research, please DO NOT use the vast amount of conspiracy sites out there to advocate our position. There is enough legitimate research, that vague and undocumented sites do not need to be used as "evidence" and I personally feel that presenting them as evidence can only harm our claims. Please post links to this site on other vet boards, anywhere that veterans meet to talk, the internent has many venues, it has taken us how many years to find each other, please help find the other 4015 survivors we do not have contact with or if you can locate any of the deceased test veterans  wives or children. Many of the 3098 carried this secret to their graves and their families are not aware of the link between the chemical weapons and drug tests  and the possible cause of death of the veteran.  In a country of 270 million people finding 4015 men can be like looking for a needle in a haystack. Until the Army or DOD releases the names to the VA, we will be kept like mushrooms, kept in the dark and fed BS.  Pass the word.
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  • Publicity we need

    I hope you are all well aware of a great friend we have in Tom Segel, he has been the only writer so far that has been willing to publish the stories of the men from Edgewood, in July 2005 he wrote a nice article about the tests and Eric Muth, and on October 24 2005 he published an article to remind Republicans they are going to be held accountable at the ballot box in 2006 and 2008 for talking the talk, but not walking the walk, they talk like they support us, but they have ignored the promises of the past, Health care for retirees, recognition and medical care and benefits for the test vets of Edgewood, the Nuclear tests, Operation  Shad etc, the military has many sins they are trying to ignore, but it is us the veterans and our families that are paying for it. The powers to be in Washington DC get there paychecks and their benefits  on time, it is us the veterans that are being deprived ours. I hope you all take the time and write Tom and thank him for the publicity he is giving to our cause. Please let us know what politicians you are writing and of their responses to you so we can keep track of who is our friends, who is ignoring and who is actively working against us in obtaining the medical care and compensation we deserve. I personally feel that any veteran that poses for pictures with Senator Larry Craig for his next re-election bid, needs to have his head examined. If you wonder why, please got to the senate VA committee websites and see the comments he has made about PTSD and TDIU, he is not our friend. Congressman Steve Buyer either, he is busy trying to determine who is REALLY a veteran, now that should scare all of us.
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  • VA manual for Chemical weapons

    This link will take you to a copy of the October 2003 manual from VA Health Initiatives that shows the medical problems caused by chemical, biological and radiological weapons. It was written for the Doctors and Nurses in the VA health system, so they would know what they were treating in relation to the men  and women that were seeking treatment from the VA, it needs to be pointed out these tests were stopped in 1975, any exposures since then have been done in a war setting with one exception it appears the Army did a battalion size experiment with LSD in 1980.  Do not attempt to copy the manual it is about 80 pages long.  http://www1.va.gov/vhi/docs/CBR_www.pdf
  • Salute to a Great Asset

    Michael Ellek, the son of Albert Ellek another Edgewood test vet from the class of 58, has been working tirelessly with Congressman Hyde's office for a couple of years now, long before I had ever heard his name. Thru his efforts Congressman Hyde had presented HR 2433 trying to get the benefits and the recognition these 7120 men deserve, or the families of the deceased will know what honorable men there fathers or husbands were. Congressman Hyde has presented 638's to the Department of the Army requesting the award of the Soldier's Medal to the 7120 men who "volunteered" for these experiments. It has to be pointed out that all of the chemical weapons or drugs approximately 250 different compounds have all been outlawed by international treaties  for use in warfare. Michael we all salute the effort and work you have put into our cause, and there are really not enough words to say THANK YOU !!!!!
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  • known Edgewood vets

    So far this board is in contact with the son of one of the 1958 test veterans Michael Ellek, who was at Edgewood at the same time as Eric Muth, 1958, I also have had contact with Rick Lake who was at Edgewood with me during the summer of 1974, there were ten of us from  Fort Lewis sent there. Then there is David Dufrane  and a Larry Meirow who was sent there from  Fort Jackson in Novemeber and December 1972, he supplied me with a copy of his orders that has on it the names and Social Security numbers of another 49 men who were there at the same time. Other than Edgewood we all have in common the fact is we are drawing SSD. The other fact we all have in common is the VA will not address the Edgewood tests and if they do, they claim we were not exposed to anything and if we were can we prove it. In my case they said I got sick and was sent home before the test began on 10J uly 1974, the problem with that story is I have a copy of my Edgewood file that shows I arrived at Edgewood Arsenal on 25 June 1974  went into the hospital at Aberdeen on 3 July and was discharged from the hospital back to Edgewood and the test program where I stayed until 22 August 1974, when we returned to Fort Lewis after the 60 day TDY period. I have the paper that shows I was classified as a level A test subject which has a note on it addressed to Dr Fredrick Siddell that highlighted the fact that I had experienced a "bad trip" at Fort Lewis on 13 June 1974 when a fellow soldier slipped a hit of acid into a coke I was drinking. It made the interviewer feel I was a good candidate for the pyschochemical tests. Why the VA has chosen to attempt to lie about my experience leaves me to wonder what really did happen at Edgewood.
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  • new project

    In an attempt to get our elected officials to take care of business, I have been writing to my own state elected officials, asking for their help with getting DOD to turn the names of the Test vets over to the Veterans Administration. But we also have a pool of politicians that are sending out feelers to run for President in 2008, you have all heard the names, Senators, Clinton, Kerry, George Allen, Sam Brownback,  John McCain, Edwards,  General Wesley Clark,  Congressman Tom Tancredo, Senator Evan Bayh, then there are the Governors, Richardson of New Mexico, Mitt Romney of Mass,  Vilsack of Iowa  they can bring pressure to bare on the Senators and Congressmen from their states. I ask them to let me know by Dec 25 2005 of one of three things, do they support us, are they going to ignore us, or are they against us getting the medical care and compensation that we deserve, I let them know that I am hoping to turn this into a news article after the beginning of the New Year and I need to know which of the three columns do they want to be listed in. I encourage all of you to do the same type of letters, one person they may ignore, if we all write them, they might wake up. We need help now, the government has promised for years, the first was the VA promise to a congressional VA committee on March 10,1993 that they would find us and get us the medical care and compensation we deserved , then they did nothing. We can not afford to let another 13 years go by without action. I doubt if I will live another 13 years, and they do not pay back benefits, they pay back to the date you file a claim with the VA. I am in my third year of appeals, they have just ignored me until now, when cornered they lied. Now we need pressure.
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  • Tom Segel July 2005

    For Veterans, Justice Delayed is Justice Denied
    July 22, 2005
    by Thomas D. Segel The stories abound, but elected officials take no meaningful action. Documentation is presented, but military leaders and Department of Defense executives just shuffle the paperwork for a few days and fail to resolve the complaints by taking no action. The scenario is repeated time and time again for veterans of our armed forces. Having served their country honorably and in many cases heroically, they are returned to civilian life without recognition, awards or promised benefits. In many cases they are even denied much needed medical care. We are already seeing, failed promises and disregard for the veterans of our War Against Terrorism. In particular, members of the various reserve units and National Guard have returned home only to encounter extreme difficulty gaining promised veteran assistance. Of course, this isn’t something new in the ongoing plight of veterans. Historically they have returned home from battling our nations enemies, only to be forced into a continued fight against the bureaucracy of an unsupportive VA. Some would say it is a veteran’s agency in league with the military establishment to deny justice to these former service members.
    Thousands upon thousands of military volunteers who participated in the atomic testing program between 1945 and 1963 were exposed to serious radiation resulting in illnesses and death. There were so many exposed that the exact number of radiation caused illnesses are impossible to tabulate.
    Veterans have testified that they were rarely told of the dangers they would face. They were not given protective clothing and in most cases were not even provided with film badges that were designed to register radiation.
    When questioned about these veteran concerns or complaints the Department of Defense usually responded by statements to the effect that atomic tests were highly classified and could not be commented upon.
    Because of the secret classification of such tests, veterans were not even identified as being participants. Service records indicating participation often only stated the individual was sent on some unnamed temporary duty. In other cases the records were left blank, or reported as “lost” by the various branches of the armed forces. The end result of this was a denial of medical treatment by the VA, because the veteran could not “document” participation in any atomic test program.
    Similar “stonewalling” by the military establishment has taken place when documentation was requested by veterans who participated in human medical research tests from 1955 until 1975. During those years almost 7,000 Army, Air Force and Marine personnel were subjected to medical experimentation “vital to the National Defense.” Led by Director of Research, Colonel Albert Dreisbach, US Army Medical Corps and Civilian Clinical Chief Dr. Van Sim the testing was conducted by the Army Chemical Warfare Center at Edgewood, Maryland. Members of Army Intelligence also staffed the test program. Volunteers were never told what they were being subjected to, but were given multiple inspirations of toxic agents and psychochemicals. These military volunteers were repeatedly tested using a variety of substances in what was called the “K” Agent Program. One of those substances has been identified as LSD. That, along with many of the agents used on our own personnel has still not been identified due to their secret classification. However, the majority has been banned for use in military operations.
    Bernard G. Elfert of Florida was assigned duty at the facility. He recalls, “Clinical and other testing was conducted to determine the effects of various agents on humans. The testing programs were highly classified. I am unaware as to the current security classifications of the toxic chemicals and phychochemicals employed there, so I cannot specify their designations, the agents involved or regimens. However, I have heard that since then most agents tested have been outlawed for military use.”
    Elfert says, “In the absence of volunteer participation the various chemical agents could not have been tested. The nature of the testing involved agents that posed unknown risk factors and such hazards could not be forced on military personnel as a duty.” He believes the exposure to these various tests placed volunteers in danger and at great personal risk going far beyond the call of duty. In his opinion, those who underwent the tests were heroic.
    One volunteer for the medical research program was Eric Muth, a seventeen-year-old Army Private from Connecticut. During the orientation process, he along with the other volunteers was required to sign Security Non-Disclosure Statements and Consent Agreements. These papers stated that the volunteers acknowledged “awareness” of the hazards involved. The test subjects were also promised complete follow-up medical care and either the Soldier’s Medal or a special medal then under congressional consideration for exposing themselves above and beyond the call of duty.
    During two separate testing periods in 1958, Private Muth was subjected to multiple exposures to those same toxic agents now outlawed by our country and other nations. He was also repeatedly and unwittingly exposed to psychochemicals. Today, he along with about 4,000 other human test subject survivors find themselves physically or mentally harmed for life.
    Muth who left the National Guard in 1969 as a Staff Sergeant, is a disabled veteran and is under treatment by the VA. When he first applied treatment was disallowed because he was an “over income” veteran. He finally was granted medical care, not through the assistance of the government, but because he kept good personal records and obtained additional documentation of his service in the program through the Freedom of Information Act. Winning this treatment required him to battle the government for six years, before it was approved. With that approval, he is among a small number of test survivors to be offered care.
    Other test subjects of chemical warfare testing are still blocked from treatment because the Pentagon will not release their names, thus evading responsibility for treatment by shifting the burden of health care to the private sector.
    None of the military personnel were informed of the serious risks to life and health they faced, because those conducting the experiments had no knowledge of what would happen to people who were exposed to the test agents. They were made promises of health care and personal decorations for their heroic service, none were ever honored.
    There should be no question concerning the heroism or the risks undertaken. That should be evident when viewing the records of Clinical Chief Dr. Van Sim. He was awarded a DoD medal to recognize Exceptional Civilian Service for placing himself “in grave personal danger”…….and he didn’t ingest a single chemical agent.
    Another proof of justice being denied to these test veterans can be seen when reviewing the Code of Federal Regulations. In recognizing presumptive conditions, which military personnel could have received from exposure to various agents while on active duty, the code limits application of its rules to those exposed in Southeast Asia or the Persian Gulf. Those who developed the same conditions because they were test subjects who were gassed, drugged or injected in the United States of America, are excluded.
    Additional federal regulations, known as the Feres Doctrine, even forbid these veterans from seeking justice through civil lawsuits. Because they were on active duty at the time of the tests, they are denied the right of court mandated action.
    Volunteer participants in the Edgewood experiments deserve suitable recognition for their outstanding service to the armed forces and this nation. Their actions far exceed the recognized standards of duty. Justice demands the country face up to its obligations or promised care and personal commendation.
    Thomas D. Segel
     
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  • March 2005 article by Chuck Crumbo

    And here’s an excerpt from an article written about Mike from the Columbia, SC newspaper:

    S.C. veteran finds bureaucracy hard to overcome

    VA denies disability benefits for ailments he says were caused by chemical, drug testing

    By CHUCK CRUMBO

    Staff Writer

    When Mike Bailey was 18 and a private in the Army, he was picked for duty that seemed too good to be true.

    No KP. No guard duty. No weekends.

    All he had to do was sit in an airtight room at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland where troops were used as guinea pigs for chemical and drug testing.

    “I was young, stupid and thought I was invincible,” the 49-year-old West Columbia man said. “They told us the program was vital for national defense. There’d be no medical problems.”

    Thirty years and seven heart attacks later, Bailey is battling the Department of Veterans Affairs. He blames his three months of duty at Edgewood for his problems and wants 100 percent disability pay. So far, the VA has turned him down.

    Bailey’s battle with the S.C. Regional Office of the VA, located in Columbia, is out of the ordinary, according to other veterans and employees of two advocacy groups.

    They say the S.C. office is one of the VA’s better-run operations.

    They acknowledge some problems with the local operation but blame most on recent hiring freezes and the retirement of veteran staffers.



    West Columbia’s Bailey once walked 15 miles a day as a letter carrier. Now, he is lucky to make the 200-foot round trip from his apartment to the mailbox.

    Bailey believes his health problems are the result of drugs and chemical weapons he was exposed to over three months at Edgewood Arsenal.

    Bailey said he cannot find out what drugs or chemicals he was exposed to at Edgewood. But he does remember sitting at a desk in an test chamber and being timed on how quickly he could perform tasks.

    “Sometimes, we’d go in at 8 in the morning, and — the next thing you knew — it was 5 and you couldn’t remember what you did,” Bailey said. “They (the Army) told me all I did was listen to a radio.”

    Bailey said he had to quit his job as a letter carrier about 10 years ago because of health problems. He said he also suffers from bouts of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and has panic attacks. All, he believes, are symptoms of being exposed to drugs like LSD or chemical weapons like mustard gas.

    Bailey wants the VA to declare him 100 percent disabled, guaranteeing his wife, Doris, and 13-year-old son would be cared for should he die before them.

    The VA has denied Bailey’s claims, saying his heart problems are caused by the rheumatic fever he suffered when he was 4.

    Bailey has documents showing Army doctors detected a heart murmur during a physical exam but approved him to serve anyway.

    Bailey’s stress disorder, the VA says, stems from a robbery and beating he suffered while stationed in Alaska.

    Bailey has appealed the VA’s denials three times, losing each time. His next step is to appeal to the Veterans Board of Review, but no date has been set.

    “I know my heart is going to kill me,” Bailey said. “I just want to take care of my family, but I think they want to wait me out.”
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  • article by Tom Segel Oct 2005

    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE   Thomas D. Segel
    tomsegel@joimail.com
    956 423 3126   Warning!  Republicans Are Losing Veteran Support Over Failed Promises!   969 words   Harlingen, Texas, October 24, 2005: The emails are flying across 
    cyber space.  The blogs are filled with rage.  Letters to the editor 
    abound.  All of them have the same tone of anger.  Retired military 
    veterans, in huge numbers, are calling for others in their ranks to 
    answer the failed promises of Congress by voting against all 
    Republican incumbents in the 2006 general election.   Though the retired military community, which has historically 
    supported Republican candidates, is angered about a number of issues, 
    the heart of their discontent seems to be centered on health care 
    issues.   Thousands upon thousands of World War II and Korean War military 
    retirees were promised government provided health care as a benefit 
    for their many years of service to the nation in both peace and war.  
    Those who served in uniform for twenty or more years were told they 
    and their dependents would always be medically cared for by a 
    grateful nation. For more than 50 years Congress did fund that 
    medical care.  Then it decided to change the rules and the promise 
    was broken. Guaranteed lifetime medical care proved to be another of 
    many congressional lies.   Year after year the veterans pleaded to have their promised health 
    care restored.  All the cries fell on deaf ears.  Finally, attorney 
    and Medal of Honor recipient Colonel “Bud” Day filed a Class Action 
    Suit on the behalf of all retired military.  The legal battle went 
    back and forth for years, ending up in the Supreme Court.   Once again the veterans lost.  Though the court agreed the promises 
    of care had been made, it also stated there was no legislation to 
    give authority to the promise.   It said that Congress would need to 
    resolve the issue.   There have been attempts to correct the wrongdoing of Congress. Bills 
    have been filed and have also died.  Currently the “Keep Our Promise” 
    Bill or HR-602 is floating around the House of Representatives.  A 
    total of 158 Democrats and 68 Republicans have cosponsored this 
    legislation to provide long promised medical care to retirees.  More 
    than half of the House members also indicate they support restoration 
    of earned medical care. This same dialog and false promise chant has 
    been taking place for more years than veterans can count.   Today, the retirees feel Democrats support this legislation because 
    Republicans don’t really want it to pass.  They also think those few 
    Republicans who have cosponsored the legislation are just putting up 
    a smokescreen and are really trying to cover their backsides.  This 
    feeling is amplified for them when it is noted that HR-602 is wasting 
    away in committee with no sign of it ever reaching the floor for a 
    vote, the same tactic Republicans used in the past.   Veterans also notice they cannot identify a single member of their 
    “so-called” cosponsors who has gone to the Republican leadership and 
    demanded action on the legislation.   It is true that one representative would have little impact on the 
    congressional leadership.  However, 68 cosponsors demanding 
    legislative action would get attention at once, particularly if that 
    demand was made a condition of their support for future leadership 
    generated actions.  Since none of this insistence on HR-602 action 
    has taken place, veterans see the Republican cosponsors as insincere 
    in their professed support.   Should the general public think this discontent with the Republican 
    Party is linked to just one group of military retirees, it should 
    also be noted that for more than four decades veterans who were 
    volunteers or were ordered to participate in America’s atomic testing 
    program have been fighting for promised medical care.   More than 300,000 American service personnel were subjected to the 
    life threatening effects of radiation poisoning during the test 
    programs of the 40s and 50s.  In open trenches and on the exposed 
    decks of ships, with no protective clothing, they were placed in 
    close proximity to atomic blasts.   Since that time thousands have died and thousands more have fallen 
    seriously ill.  The VA and our Congress ignore their pleas for help.   A Republican presidential candidate, George W. Bush told American 
    veterans that “Promises made would be promises kept.”  He repeated 
    that pledge as president.  Ask any of the multitudes of Atomic 
    Veterans what they think of his word.  When they wrote him about 
    their plight, the president forwarded their letters to the VA, which 
    in turn denied the veteran claims.  These same veterans wrote to the 
    members of Congress.  Most often there was no reply, but when there 
    was an answer, it was a form letter, which really said nothing.   We can’t forget to include more than 7,000 servicemen who were used 
    as “test subjects” or human guinea pigs in chemical, drug and other 
    substance tests at Edgewood Arsenal.  Today almost 75% of those 
    military personnel who participated in the Edgewood tests are either 
    dead or disabled.  They cannot even receive medical attention from 
    the VA because there are no records of their participation in the 
    Edgewood program available.  The Department of Defense refuses to 
    release the names of those who participated.   Letters to the Department of Defense, including Secretary Rumsfeld 
    have gone unanswered.  Letters to Congress have gained very little 
    attention and when congressional members to respond, it is with a 
    request to the VA to look into the veteran’s claim.  As in the past, 
    those requests continue to be ignored.   Now the Internet buzz is becoming Anti-Republican from almost every 
    quarter.  Though most of the career veterans have little confidence 
    in the Democrats, they are talking about moving the vote in that 
    direction as a protest.  They have reached the limit of their 
    patience with false promises and the Republicans could very well pay 
    for political lies with a battle at the ballot box.    
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  • research sites

    March 2005 VA letter on Mustard Agents   http://www1.va.gov/environagents/docs/USHInfoLetterIL10-2005-004_March_14_2005

    The Cold War Experiments   The Cold War Experiments

    Edgewood Guinea Pigs   Edgewood Guinea Pigs: Covert U.S. Army Medical Experiments on Human Test Subje

    Bad Trip to Edgewood   LHCMA catalogue: BAD TRIP TO EDGEWOOD: US Army drug testing, television docume

    Mustard Agents  mustard

    1993 report Veterans at Risk   Nat' Academies Press, Veterans at Risk: The Health Effects of Mustard Gas and

    1993 GAO Report that the VA never implemented   http://archive.gao.gov/d37t11/148642.pdf

    March 2005 VA  VA to contact veterans exposed to dangerous chemicals in WW II

    Canada to recoginze vets used in chemical weapons tests Chemical Warfare Agent Testing Recognition Program - Veterans Affairs Canada

    March 2003 IOM MUFA Report  http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/5/844/0.pdf

    Jan 1994 National Institute of Health report on VX, GA and GB agents  Sarin  Toxicity of the Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agents GA, GB, and VX: Implic

    American Gulf War vets board   American Gulfwar Veterans Association

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  • Welcome to Our World

    We are the forgotten veterans of America's ugly secret past. The victims of Nuclear, Biological and Radiological Weapons and drug experiments, that have continued relatively unknown for decades.

    The Nuclear tests in the Nevada and Mew Mexico test sites are the most famous or infamous, depending on how you look at it. The tests took place on islands overseas, in Alaska, Panama in places in the U.S like Dugway-Deseret Proving Grounds, Edgewood Arsenal, Florida.  There were a few tests that involved civilian sites, but the focus on this site is the military victims of these tests, that our government are ignoring now that we have become disabled after participating  in these tests 30-60 years ago.

    A decade ago a web site like this would not have been possible, but due to the advances of the computer age, we are able to come together from the four corners of America, to finally locate each other and share our experiences with our dealings with the government in our attempts to obtain the benefits we so obviously deserve for our medical problems physical and mental that have occurred as a result of these tests.

    This is not a site to place blame on the concept of the tests, or the people the U.S government employed to conduct these tests on us. It is to gather names, stories, and circumstances so we can lobby our elected officials after all these  years to obtain the medical care and compensation that we or the dependents of our fellow test victims  deserve.

    The Edgewood test vets are my primary concern from the Cold War Era, I am one of the 7120 enlisted men that the Army used in chemcial weapons and drug research between 1955 thru 1975. It is my understanding from what is available in published reports, that it is known they tested LSD, PCP, Sarin, mustard agents, Nerve agents, and approximately 250 different unknown substances on these men.

    Most of these substances are still classified, but what is known, is that by international treaties the use of these chemcials are forbidden for use in armed conflicts as weapons. At this time all the signatories to the treaties are destroying their stockpiles of chemical weapons. It is acknowledged that most countries, even the United States is running behind the scheduled destruction dates.

    At this time, I have the names of Eric Muth, he was at Edgewood twice in 1958, Larry Meirow was there in Nov and Dec 1972, Rick Lake was there in the same group as I in June - August 1974,  David Dufrane dates are unknown to me, if we are lucky he will post on this site so we can learn. Then there is Michael Ellek's father who was there with Eric Muth, who is still alive.

    Of the 7120 men used in this program a study released by the IOM MUFA unit in March 2003   http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/5/844/0.pdf  this study shows that 3098 men are missing, using IRS, VA and Social Security Records they could not be found in FY 2000, one can only assume they are dead, that is 40% of the men, of the 4022 men they did locate, 54% of them reported bery poor or disabling health, yet no reasons were stated what was causing this.

    The report did show that 25% of the 7120 men were classified as Level D test subjects, and thus they were not exposed to any chemcials or drugs, they were used in equipment only tests. So that leaves 75% that were exposed, the death and disability rate is 74.43%. I don't know about anyone else, but these numbers scream there is something wrong here. These men would have been for the most part 65 or younger in FY 2000, Social Security says that 3 out of 10 men will become disabled by age 65, it doesn;t say 4 out of 10 will die, and 54% will become disabled.

    Most of us have written to our elected officials and they send letters to the Veterans Administration Regional Offices and they get letters back saying they are processing our claims. In my case, no one ever mentioned the words Edgewood Arsenal, chemical weapons or drug tests. They exchanged nice clean exchanges that did nothing to ask for explanations about Edgewood. The VA continues to ignore the claims issue in regards to my exposure to chemicals and  or drugs.

    In September 2005 out of frustration I wrote Senator Larry Craig, head of the Senate Veteran Affairs Committee, he sent me a letter saying he had sent my inquiry to Room 211, in a few weeks I received a response letter from Ms. Renee Szybala who informed me and I presume Senator Craig that my records at the Columbia Regional Office, in Columbia South Carolina that yes I had volunteered for the medical test program on 10 July 1974 but that I had taken ill and was sent home before the tests began and therefore none of my current medical problems could possibly be related to the tests at Edgewood.

    One problem with her letter, none of it was true, I had volunteered for the "Human experimentaion" program in May 1974, there was nothing medical about them.I arrived at Edgewood on 25 June 1974 after a 9 day travel period from Fort Lewis by POV. I did fall ill on 3 July and was sent to Aberdeen Proving Grounds Hospital and was not discharged until 10 July 1974 but I was not sent home, I was returned to Edgewood Arsenal, where I remained and participated in tests, until 22 August 1974, when I was returned to Fort Lewis with 9 days travel time returning the beginning of September 1974. We were given cards to carry while at Edgewood, that if we were stopped by the police that stated we were not drug addicts and if they had any questions, to please call the number on the card xxx-xxxxx, someone on that line would explain to whatever law official that called that we belonged to the Army. We had so many needle marks from injections and blood draws we all looked like drug addicts.

 

http://www.gulfwarvets.com/ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=9;t=000036

Author Topic: Edgewood Arsenal veterans
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Icon 1 posted September 24, 2005 07:51 AM      Profile for Testvet   Email Testvet   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Can everyone do me a favor and post to the other boards that you post on and let them know I am trying to find other veterans of the chemical weapons and drug tests that were done between 1955 thru 1975, an author Tom Segel is willing to do a series to explain what happened to the men used in the program and to tell their stories and any problems they are having with the VA and DOD to get their information and claims approved.

Here is a link to my 2 blog sites http://testvets.blogsource.com/

[ November 08, 2005, 10:19 AM: Message edited by: Testvet ]

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Sent to IraqVets@YahooGroups.com

Ken

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I was at Edgewood Arsenal in Nov of 72 and have filed for comp. and have had nothing but denial of went on there. I have tried to contact several of the vets. that were there at that time and the few that I have found through records are dead.
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3098 of the 7120 are dead, 54% of the 4022 survivors are disabled join the club, I just got a letter yesterday where the VA told Senator Craig I was there but they sent me home sick before the tests began, I was there from 25 Jun thru 22 Aug 74, they claim my records show I got there on the 10th of July. That study that Dr Page did 5 years ago was published in Mar 2003 there is more in whit it doesn't say than in what it does say. He ignores three main body systems affected by chemical weapons, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and cardiac. I have links to all the studies. They spent three years and never addressed the issue until forced by Senator Craig and then they lied.
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During the time that I was there they had you stay in the dayroom untill called. The day that I was called I was transported to a different building and injected with something, and then blacked out. To this day I don't know if I was out for 1 hour or 1 week. I know this sounds like something from X Files.
My family Dr. has many questions on the medical records that the DOD has sent me, and beleives alot of them are missing. The same problems along with chronic neck problems and lost of memory. V.A. has denied my request for comp. and now in appeal American Leigion is helping with that.

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http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/5/844/0.pdf

Print this report out and take it to your doctor, ask him to notice that it does not cover three main body systems known to be affected by chemical weapons pulmonary, gastrointestinal and cardiac. This report says more by what it doesn't say than what it does state. The author Tom Segel would like to correspond with you and get your story he is trying to help the Edgewood vets get the VA compensation and medical care we deserve. Please e mail me at Testvet@ aol.com I can send you his address. There are people trying to help us.

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I will post as much as I can when finding other reports on the Edgewood veterans here. Sooner or later we'll have a large enough hit on the web to draw the others to this site to bring attention to this. Here are reports from or about Eric Muth. --Gale

http://www.warfoto.com/watch_mar-apr%2020051.pdf

VA to Contact Vets Who Faced Harm
Editor’s Note: An article having the title above appeared in
February’s Watch on the Rhine. Part of the first sentence follows:…
contacting veterans exposed to dangerous levels of chemicals
during World War II…This “invitation” did not include veterans
of other eras who were guinea pigs in the test chambers of
Maryland’s Edgewood Arsenal.
Dear Editor,
I was a 17-year-old soldier when I entered the U.S. Army Third
Division at Ft. Benning. I am a Life member of the Society and
read with great interest the article on Page 9 of February’s Watch
on the Rhine—News from Veterans Affairs. I wish to add my story
and if you require any documentary evidences, let me know and I
shall supply them. I have no axe to grind regarding VA medical
care or compensation. I have received relief. But my concern is
about those who have not been justly treated by those who served
so well.
To help the VA keep its 1993 promise to Congress, I wrote to
the Secretary and told him where he could find my name so that he
could contact me and some 4,000 other survivors of U.S. Army
Medical Experimentation. From 1955-1975 there were 6,700 of us
Research Volunteers recruited from three service arms who
breathed toxic chemicals until overcome by them, were injected
with unknown chemicals, received applications of chemicals on
our skin and some, like me, were subjected to psycho-chemicals
both witting and unwittingly.
We signed consent, security non-disclosure forms and were verbally
promised medals and medical care. Good soldiers, we kept
quite and received nothing. Many of us could not even get into the
VA because we had no war service or were above income. By law
the VA could not take us in, because toxic exposures were limited
to Agent Orange and Mustard Gas. Recently SHAD and Whitecoat
unwitting participants have been added for mandatory VA care. I
wrote to the Armed Services Committee and asked them to include
us in the Bill, but we are still out in the cold.
By suggestion of Congress the Army had the National Academy
of Sciences conduct two limited health follow-p mail and telephone
studies on us in 1982 and 2003. The director of the National
Academy informed me that he could not act on my suggestion of
passing our names and addresses to the VA in the absence of permission
from the Army. I wrote to the Army and asked them to
give the Academy this permission. My letter must have gotten lost
because I have yet to hear from anyone. So I wrote to the VA to
inform them about the list and asked them to get permission from
the Army and or simply request the list from the Academy. Another
letter lost I suppose.
It would appear obvious that we, who volunteered during the
“Cold War” ear, were exposed to the same and additional substances
at Edgewood as those during the 1943 experiments, and we
ought to receive our due as well, but this has not been and is not
the case.
Documents I received directly from the CIA explain the reluctance
to air this. The CIA funded many of the projects at
Edgewood where Top and Secret experiments were run by Military
Intelligence and were conducted by the Chemical Corps under
civilian leadership. My magic marker laden file showed that I was
on the “K” program. I wrote to the Army Medical Command to
inquire about the “K” and they suggested that the only “K” they
knew of was found on the internet, but that it had nothing to do
with them. The CIA had a program under MKULTRA subproject-
45 psycho-chemicals and “K” fields. Interestingly the Surgeon
General of the Army wrote a book a year before my FOI question
to the Medical Command and it revealed that Edgewood had
changed the name of its psycho-chemical program to “K” agents
in 1956, the CIA “K” project got under way in 1955.
Defective reasoning pre-empted my going to the VAearlier, but
in 1997 I applied, and they knew nothing Edgewood. Instead they
enrolled me as an over income patient. It took almost seven years
to fully convince VA examiners that I was harmed by the experiments
leading to my current 50% disability award. During the
course of that process, I discovered that my records burned twice
(1967 and 1973) at St. Louis. There were no medical records other
than the experimentation file I received from Edgewood under
FOI. A year after last receiving a copy I was informed that my
records did not exist in their files. I left the military in 1969 with a
top-secret clearance, but there are no records on me with any intelligence
organization—civilian or military. However, I saved virtually
all the records over the years and they were quite helpful to my
applications.
Next, I applied for the promised medals that never came and the
Army promptly squashed the applications by declaring that my
(our) actions did not meet heroism criteria. Their objectivity is in
sharp contrast to others who evaluated those nominations: Three
eminent medical ethicists, commanders of the DVA, American
Legion, VFW, VVA and two officers who served at Edgewood at
the time all believe that the criteria was met. I am proud of my service,
but saddened that displays of patriotism and heroism in
peacetime, have cause otherwise moral men to do their best to
squash a bug who was one of them just yesterday.
Yours in the Third,
Eric P. Muth
25 Parkland Place
Milford, CT 06460
(203) 874-4595
eepmuth@nyc.com

_________________________________________________________________

http://www.americandaily.com/article/8345

For Veterans, Justice Delayed is Justice Denied
By Tom Segel (07/21/05)

Harlingen, Texas, July 20, 2005: The stories abound, but elected officials
take no meaningful action. Documentation is presented, but military leaders
and Department of Defense executives just shuffle the paperwork for a few
days and fail to resolve the complaints by taking no action. The scenario is
repeated time and time again for veterans of our armed forces. Having
served their country honorably and in many cases heroically, they are
returned to civilian life without recognition, awards or promised benefits.
In many cases they are even denied much needed medical care.

We are already seeing, failed promises and disregard for the veterans of our
War Against Terrorism. In particular, members of the various reserve units
and National Guard have returned home only to encounter extreme difficulty
gaining promised veteran assistance. Of course, this isn¹t something new in
the ongoing plight of veterans. Historically they have returned home from
battling our nations enemies, only to be forced into a continued fight
against the bureaucracy of an unsupportive VA. Some would say it is a
veteran¹s agency in league with the military establishment to deny justice
to these former service members.

Thousands upon thousands of military volunteers who participated in the
atomic testing program between 1945 and 1963 were exposed to serious
radiation resulting in illnesses and death. There were so many exposed that
the exact number of radiation caused illnesses are impossible to tabulate.

Veterans have testified that they were rarely told of the dangers they would
face. They were not given protective clothing and in most cases were not
even provided with film badges that were designed to register radiation.
When questioned about these veteran concerns or complaints the Department of
Defense usually responded by statements to the effect that atomic tests were
highly classified and could not be commented upon.

Because of the secret classification of such tests, veterans were not even
identified as being participants. Service records indicating participation
often only stated the individual was sent on some unnamed temporary duty.
In other cases the records were left blank, or reported as ³lost² by the
various branches of the armed forces. The end result of this was a denial
of medical treatment by the VA, because the veteran could not ³document²
participation in any atomic test program.

Similar ³stonewalling² by the military establishment has taken place when
documentation was requested by veterans who participated in human medical
research tests from 1955 until 1975. During those years almost 7,000 Army,
Air Force and Marine personnel were subjected to medical experimentation
³vital to the National Defense.² Led by Director of Research, Colonel
Albert Dreisbach, US Army Medical Corps and Civilian Clinical Chief Dr. Van
Sim the testing was conducted by the Army Chemical Warfare Center at
Edgewood, Maryland. Members of Army Intelligence also staffed the test
program. Volunteers were never told what they were being subjected to, but
were given multiple inspirations of toxic agents and psychochemicals. These
military volunteers were repeatedly tested using a variety of substances in
what was called the ³K² Agent Program. One of those substances has been
identified as LSD. That, along with many of the agents used on our own
personnel has still not been identified due to their secret classification.
However, the majority has been banned for use in military operations.

Bernard G. Elfert of Florida was assigned duty at the facility. He recalls,
³Clinical and other testing was conducted to determine the effects of
various agents on humans. The testing programs were highly classified. I
am unaware as to the current security classifications of the toxic chemicals
and phychochemicals employed there, so I cannot specify their designations,
the agents involved or regimens. However, I have heard that since then most
agents tested have been outlawed for military use.²

Elfert says, ³In the absence of volunteer participation the various chemical
agents could not have been tested. The nature of the testing involved
agents that posed unknown risk factors and such hazards could not be forced
on military personnel as a duty.² He believes the exposure to these various
tests placed volunteers in danger and at great personal risk going far
beyond the call of duty. In his opinion, those who underwent the tests were
heroic.

One volunteer for the medical research program was Eric Muth, a
seventeen-year-old Army Private from Connecticut. During the orientation
process, he along with the other volunteers was required to sign Security
Non-Disclosure Statements and Consent Agreements. These papers stated that
the volunteers acknowledged ³awareness² of the hazards involved. The test
subjects were also promised complete follow-up medical care and either the
Soldier¹s Medal or a special medal then under congressional consideration
for exposing themselves above and beyond the call of duty.

During two separate testing periods in 1958, Private Muth was subjected to
multiple exposures to those same toxic agents now outlawed by our country
and other nations. He was also repeatedly and unwittingly exposed to
psychochemicals. Today, he along with about 4,000 other human test subject
survivors find themselves physically or mentally harmed for life.

Muth who left the National Guard in 1969 as a Staff Sergeant, is a disabled
veteran and is under treatment by the VA. When he first applied treatment
was disallowed because he was an ³over income² veteran. He finally was
granted medical care, not through the assistance of the government, but
because he kept good personal records and obtained additional documentation
of his service in the program through the Freedom of Information Act.
Winning this treatment required him to battle the government for six years,
before it was approved. With that approval, he is among a small number of
test survivors to be offered care.

Other test subjects of chemical warfare testing are still blocked from
treatment because the Pentagon will not release their names, thus evading
responsibility for treatment by shifting the burden of health care to the
private sector.

None of the military personnel were informed of the serious risks to life
and health they faced, because those conducting the experiments had no
knowledge of what would happen to people who were exposed to the test
agents. They were made promises of health care and personal decorations for
their heroic service, none were ever honored.

There should be no question concerning the heroism or the risks undertaken.
That should be evident when viewing the records of Clinical Chief Dr. Van
Sim. He was awarded a DoD medal to recognize Exceptional Civilian Service
for placing himself ³in grave personal danger²ŠŠ.and he didn¹t ingest a
single chemical agent.

Another proof of justice being denied to these test veterans can be seen
when reviewing the Code of Federal Regulations. In recognizing presumptive
conditions, which military personnel could have received from exposure to
various agents while on active duty, the code limits application of its
rules to those exposed in Southeast Asia or the Persian Gulf. Those who
developed the same conditions because they were test subjects who were
gassed, drugged or injected in the United States of America, are excluded.

Additional federal regulations, known as the Feres Doctrine, even forbid
these veterans from seeking justice through civil lawsuits. Because they
were on active duty at the time of the tests, they are denied the right of
court mandated action.

Volunteer participants in the Edgewood experiments deserve suitable
recognition for their outstanding service to the armed forces and this
nation. Their actions far exceed the recognized standards of duty. Justice
demands the country face up to its obligations or promised care and personal
commendation.


Ed: Views are those of individual authors and not necessarily those of American Daily.



Thomas D. Segel is a Texan, now of Harlingen in the deep south Rio Grande Valley. A twice-wounded former combat correspondent, he retired after 26 years of service in the United States Marine Corps. Segel holds eight personal decorations for valor and meritorious service. He also holds the Thomas Jefferson Award for Journalistic Excellence and was named Military Writer of the Year.


Send Feedback To Tom Segel


_________________________________________________________

http://ed-thelen.org/muth.html

Return to Home Page


Eric P. Muth
25 Parkland Place
Milford, CT 06460
USA

muth@nyc.com
203-874-4595


To Whom It May Concern:

This is an oral history project placed on "paper" to preserve memories of a by-gone era. It is hoped that those who post this data will accept contributions adding technical data and other stories to these ramblings of Nike experiences, perhaps including those of Hawk batteries.

Had this been written twenty years ago, before placement it surely would have been sanitized and scrutinized for political correctness. We, as a people have matured significantly by the illumination of scandals and misdeeds of our leaders in both moral and political circles.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


A "Cold War" decade as a Missileman in Air Defense by:


Nike, the "Goddess of Victory",

Through: ARADCOM, "Vigilant and Invincible",

By the men of: The U.S. Army and Army National Guard.

Eric P. Muth, et-al

Table of Contents

The seeds of Nike were strewn almost immediately after the "Big One".

Defense Planning

Threats to our Security and National Defense
My Road to Nike

CBR, ABC, NBC the name does not matter: It’s all bad stuff!

Clandestine Stuff Woven Into the Term: "Riot Gas Exposures"
The Nuclear Threats in the and Cold War Era.

Increasing Radar Technology and Anti Aircraft Defense.

Nike Ajax to Nike Hercules
The U.S. Army Air Defense Command

Army National Guard Troop & Package Training

Sideshows: Letting Off Some Steam

Assumption of the Mission

NG Technicians & SNUFFIES

Fine Dinning and On Site Recreation

Perks
The ORE [Operation Readiness Evaluation]
Physical Property and Duties
The Daily Grind

On-Going Training

Unofficial Outing
The Very Serious Side of the Mission in Focus

Clearances

Maintenance and Calibration in the Fresh Air

Outside Occurrences

" ... And Other Duties Assigned".

Extra Curricular Activities

Oops!
Some Ajax and Hercules Specifications and Capabilities
Ajax Wind-down and Decommission

Changeover to the Hercules and School Days

Frenzy of Activity for the "Sarge".
Divorce, Wedding Bells and in the Clouds
Back to the Grind, SNAP’s and Letting Off Steam

The On-Site Mission Continues

Conflicts and Stress

Security and Training

Personal Wind-Down in Stages
The Long and the Short of it.
The Absence of Tangible Recognition
Revisiting the Scene
The End of Nike


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The seeds of Nike were strewn almost immediately after the "Big One".

Post WW II the U.S. abandoned its isolationist views altogether, we occupied nations, and by invitation, kept and placed new troops and equipment on foreign soil. We decided to support the United Nations, to increase the strength of our Air and Naval forces, to maintain a smaller Army, but also to develop large and well-organized military reserve forces. The U.S. was top dog, because we alone had nuclear weaponry and that issue created a political lethargy, which would end when the Soviets sent their nuclear capability wake up call to the White House. That event, made us think about defense against a surprise attack on our industrial base and areas of large population concentrations where Soviet bombers could cause mass destruction and death.


Defense Planning

The Army and the Air Force bickered over who would control anti-aircraft batteries. The Air Force argued that the best defense is a strong offense, via the Strategic Air Command [SAC]. In 1948 the National Guard was called upon to furnish 123 Anti-Aircraft Battalions for operational readiness and deployment throughout 27 states, and by 1952 in Puerto Rico. They could have had a motto akin to that of many police departments "To Serve and Protect". In the meantime Bell Laboratories was conducting a feasibility study for the Army Ordinance Corps, and that was the seed for the Nike Ajax fielded eight years later. The U.S. spent considerable sums to defeat its WW II enemies and we wanted our leadership to look to civilian needs. However, soon the Korean [Police Action] War brought home the need for vigilance, which required large military expenditures. Civil Defense drills in schools, designated bomb shelters, and home shelter recommendations re-enforced the need for protection against airborne aggression in the minds of most Americans.

The Nike mission would require peacetime vigilance never before experienced by the Army and Army National Guard, which would soon be re-appreciated as the Minutemen of the Modern Missile Age.


Threats to our Security and National Defense

In the early 1950’s there had been great concern in intelligence and political circles regarding the number of Korean War turncoats and the brainwashing conducted on them as Prisoners of War. Spying was fully perceived as a serious threat to National Security as was evidenced by the Rosenberg executions. There was a perceived need for truth, disabling, and other drugs for intelligence purposes. The Gestapo had been experimenting with mescaline and other substances and the OSS [later the CIA] became heir to those studies and would soon use them. The Soviets had captured considerable stores of unused German chemical warfare agents prompting the U.S. Army to seek protections for its troops and to manufacture offensive weapons of its own, including those in the biological field. Needless to say, there appeared to be threats to the National Security coming from everywhere, thus CBR and Air Defense programs were rightfully viewed as being "vital to the National Defense".

In 1957, with the help of some 300 captured/recruited German scientists from Pienamunde, the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite [Sputnik] into space thus, shocking Americans, who were led to believe that we had quickly become technologically inferior. Suddenly we were presented with face saving challenges. In 1958 Khrushchev seized power and brought the Soviets full force into the arms race. These were uncertain times. I entered the Army on September 15, 1957 and just a year later, on the 14th of September 1958, the Army turned over the first Nike Ajax Battery to the National Guard in the Los Angeles area. Links in the "Supersonic Rings of Steel" were being changed in a positive way saving the government money and freeing regular army troops to perform missions in less boring duty stations.


My Road to Nike

I was inducted into a transitional army being issued two uniforms, one set of OD’s with the well known "Ike" jacket and one set of the new Greens. Upon completion of two years active duty, which were served at Ft. Dix, Ft. Benning, 3rd Inf Div, Ft. Leonard Wood, Combat Engr., two tours at the Army Chemical Warfare Center, and then upon release I was placed in the Army XIII Reserve Corps at Ft. Devens. In 1960 I heard about Nike employment at $1.86 per hour with A Battery 242d Arty. This was not great pay, but I thought about it and the three-month trip to New Mexico, which they called "Troop and Package Training" and then, I went for it.


CBR, ABC, NBC the name does not matter: It’s all bad stuff!

In 1958 I had no idea of what Nike was, but there was an early link at Edgewood, MD. I served two thirty day TDY tours at the Edgewood Arsenal as a medical research volunteer sucking in a variety of toxic chemicals including CN, CS, EA1778, and DM T-792 and ingesting psychochemicals both witting [EA1476] and as it turned out unwitting, exemplified by a magic marker spoliation on my file. I also had "Blood test Pathology", the clinical data sheets for both the latter vanished on or about 1966, which is the date on the summary for those tests. I made some of those discoveries when the National Academy of Sciences conducted a health study on us former volunteers. I was able to get my file for a look-see, but the duplicating methods were woefully inadequate. In 1997 I received a second clearer set, which jolted me. However, I found that other than those records I had been virtually erased from the systems including U.S. Personnel, which claimed that my records burned in 1973, and they were the same records the army claimed it could not locate when the National Guard asked for them in 1966. According to Aberdeen the experimentation records I received from them in 1997 no longer existed in their files in 1998. In Nike we all had clearances, mine was Top-Secret, but Army Intelligence, the FBI and the CIA officially informed me that they have no record of my existence, that’s odd.


Clandestine Stuff Woven Into the Term: "Riot Gas Exposures"

In 1955 Edgewood, Maryland had a temporary Nike Ajax Site, which was moved in the spring of 1956 to Jacobsonville, MD. An LCA man remembers a fellow Nike crewman [draftee] who was a chemist and soon assigned to the Chemical Warfare Center at Edgewood. Now and then the two ran into each other, but the chemist would not discuss the nature of his new duties. We now know that the work going on there was to counter another Soviet threat, which was so real that experiments there were funded by the CIA and they were done in harmony with Army and other Intelligence Agencies and conducted by the Army Chemical Corps. In the name of National Security experiments were conducted on our own boys and soon things spun out of control there, in fact a full bird and medical doctor, the Director of Research, found himself in such a moral and ethical quandary that he sought private psychiatric counseling to deal with his inner conflicts, according to his son.

The formal volunteer program had a run from 1955-1975, though the LSD and some other programs had ended by 1963. As volunteers, we received promises of medical care and medals, but in the end, all we received was letters of Commendation containing the words "above and beyond the call of duty" …you bet!

Upon nomination in 1999, by a retired Brigadier General who termed that service significant, I received as very nice neck medallion, the Chemical Corps Regimental Association’s "Order of the Dragon". I went to the VA for a health evaluation in 2000, but they knew nothing of my "mere" and "alleged exposures" or about Army promises made, or about Edgewood experimentation on our Army soldiers, Airmen and Marines. Interestingly however, over forty years later they made a PTSD assessment in my case, related to those alleged exposures…. Yeah! Sour grapes, but back to Nike.


The Nuclear Threats in the and Cold War Era.

In 1945 we had dropped the first two atomic bombs, but in 1949 the Soviets dropped theirs and that led to the real fear that they would build a delivery system in the form of bomber squadrons directed against the U.S. That event was soon followed by the Korean War and it was the impetus for us to move quickly in air defense, particularly in the last ditch effort then limited to radar [Radio Detection and Ranging] controlled 90mm guns. These guns could lob projectiles 14 miles and 30,000 feet up, and the 120mm guns had a ceiling of 58,000 feet, both capable of saturating an area and predicted area, but the rounds could not maneuver, though the target could, thereby potentially evading a hit. This major limitation of air defense would bring about the Nike systems during the period soon known as the Cold War. During the Korean War, many National Guard units were federalized thus manning their AA guns full time. At wars end their full time mission ended leaving it to the regular army to fill the void. The Guard would be called upon again and soon, as a matter of economy and efficiency in the air defense mission.


Increasing Radar Technology and Anti Aircraft Defense.

A radar transmits radio waves out in a narrow beam, which may hit an object in the air and be reflected back [as a echo] some of the back reflection may be caught, amplified and show up as a blip on the Plan Position Indicator [PPI] scope, which is a Cathode Ray Tube [CRT]. The direction of the beam indicates the direction of the object the time delay and the range of the object. The Moving Target Indicator [MTI] compared one echo to the next. There were two types of radar used the Pulse and the continuous wave Doppler’s. Nike Radars used the pulse type. Short radio waves can be focused into a narrow beam like those of Hercules tracking radars, which both transmitted and received and focused more than 50% of the pulse into a beam less than 1 degree wide horizontally and vertically. The ACQ [sometimes referred to as a surveillance radar] radar beam was about 1 degree wide horizontally, but spread out vertically into a fan shape to detect aircraft near the horizon and higher as well. It had three-antenna revolution per minute speeds: 5, 10, and 15 RPM.

In 1960 the last Skysweeper Battalion in ARADCOM was deactivated in Michigan bringing the antiaircraft gun era to its end while at that time some 35,000 officers and enlisted men were manning Nike Ajax and Hercules Sites. In that year a Nike Hercules Missile made a direct hit on a Corporal Missile over the skies of White Sands. Between 1958 and 1961 selected Ajax batteries were converted to Hercules and by 1963 conversion had been fully accomplished and the remaining Ajax sites had been deactivated and phased out.


Nike Ajax to Nike Hercules

In 1960 I enlisted in the CT National Guard, A Battery, 1st Missile BN, 242d Arty, becoming a radar operator [later fire control operator 16C40] a TO&E slot though in OJT training. Army mission manpower in the early days ran about 120 men per unit, but during the height of the Viet Nam War that was down to as low as 80 men.

German WW II missile technology and the fact that they had developed a jet fighter as well, helped bring Nike Ajax guided missile sites to the U.S., from the feasibility stage in 1945, to the first firing of a [Nike R&D] missile at White Sands in 1946. In 1948 the Bumblebee single motor was developed by Jet Propulsion and Johns Hopkins University and it was adapted to the Nike program, which led to the firing of a dummy round on 17 June 1948. Then, for the first time, an all Nike components missile was fired in October 1951. Nike successfully engaged a remotely controlled QB-17 bomber over White Sands, NM in April 1952 and that led to an operating system in December 1953 at Ft. Mead, MD and then, on to Nike installed and operational systems in 1954. The systems were also deployed in Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Norway, the Netherlands, Greece, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The last Ajax system to be withdrawn from duty was presented to the Smithsonian Institution.

In 1953 it was determined that the Ajax system could not handle a nuclear warhead. Hercules test firings began in 1955 and the second generation Nike, though with nuclear capability, Nike Hercules became operational for ranges greater than 75 nautical miles in 1958 [a nautical mile is 6,080 feet as compared to 5,280 foot mile we are more familiar with]. The Herc’s range was about 90 miles and its first emplacement was in the Chicago defense area. By 1955 batteries became known as Nike A and Nike B, though the Herc was also informally known as Atomic 1. During preparation in a 1955 test firing at White Sands, the liquid propellant missile exploded on the pad killing one and injuring five. That event caused them to consider a solid propellant second stage, which was first tested in 1957 and known as XM-30. By 1958 liquid propellants were eliminated from the Hercules program.

The prime Nike contractors were Western Electric, Bell Telephone Laboratories, which provided guidance systems, and Douglas Aircraft was the subcontractor for airframes. The Hercules had three modes: Surface to Air, Low Altitude, and Surface to Surface. Western Electric built 393 Hercules ground systems. During this era the feuding between rivals "Army and Air Force" re-ignited in that both wanted control of air defense. The Air Force contended that the Herc system duplicated the Air Force BOMARC missile system.


The U.S. Army Air Defense Command

ARAACOM was born in 1950, becoming USARADCOM in 1957, and from 1961 until its demise, it was ARADCOM, which developed the strategy "rings of steel" by overlapping anti-aircraft guns and later missile sites around cities where enemy aircraft approaches were likely to penetrate. ARADCOM succeeded in bringing the Hawk low to medium altitude missile system [developed in 1959 and successfully proving its intercept ability at Kwajalein in 1962] under its control and hoped to bring the anti missile Zeus into its fold as a follow up to Hercules. A Zeus was built and it successfully intercepted an orbiting satellite in the Pacific in 1963. We National Guard technicians accurately saw Zeus or Nike X as our only hope for continued future employment, everyone knew the real threat was Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles [ICBM] and their potential launch from satellites, and we knew too, that bombers were no longer the threat they had potentially been.


Army National Guard Troop & Package Training

In 1960 our unit, A Battery 242d Arty, spent 90 hot summer days at Ft. Bliss and McGregor Range. The unit was practice firing 90 AA at Wellsfleet, MA just a few years earlier. The military knew that air defense guns were no match for jet bomber planes. However, Viet Nam and Iraq have taught us that en-mass they are still fairly effective at lower altitudes.

We flew to and reported in at Ft. Bliss 1st GM Brigade. Troop and Package training at Btry C 4th GM BN at McGregor Range was a new and interesting experience. In most Nike units the Battery Commander was a captain, who had awesome responsibility and a difficult job for such a low rank. The exec was usually a first lieutenant, warhead officer a 2nd Lt., and sites had a couple of IFC warrant officers in fire contro1 maintenance and two in the LCA, section chiefs were E-7’s, maint technicians E-7, E-6, and E-5. Also included was a lst Sgt. E-7 or E8, team or platoon sergeants E-7, Security NCO E-6, assembly NCO’s E-6, assembly and maintenance technicians E-5, battery clerk E-4, cooks and security personnel, anywhere from E-2 to E-4. Radar operators to E-4 and senior operators E-5, and others. Many, as is well known in the military, were working in TOE MOS slots not particularly matching their true duties. Later on, MOS testing became a part of the promotion ladder so commanders had to pay more attention to MOS requirements. Before and during the transition, the National Guard placed a high priority on retention of army soldiers who were "short timers" who were already qualified. They particularly sought those with army AD electronics schools training. It took a year of schooling to train a Fire Control Mechanic, thus picking up a fully trained technician was a coup that many commanders pulled off. Having proven themselves capable, the Army began to transfer Nike Hercules to the National Guard in 1962.

In the end, at the "Range", we were successful in downing the RCAT target drones, allocated along with our Nike Ajax missiles. The Range at McGregor had an enlisted men’s club. Out of uniform it’s hard to identify officers, because they tend to look a lot like enlisted men. They went to our club to enjoy themselves in drunkenness and shot pool like everyone else. One of the guys, well known to all, was drinking up a storm one night and unbeknownst to him everyone contributed to his continuously filled glass. Next morning at five AM he was singing and whistling in the barracks while the perpetrators were puzzled and struggling to get out of their double decker racks.


Sideshows: Letting Off Some Steam

We were also successful in having some fun times in Juarez, and late night/morning taxi rides to McGregor. For some legal reason Mexican registered cabs had to take the dirt road next to the highway making for bumpy and dusty rides. That red dust seeped into everything especially into the wooden barracks, and Lord help you if you were at a bus stop when a storm blew, in that the face felt sandblasted. One of those cab rides ended in a minor altercation. I was in pretty good shape, but the guy with me was a goner, hanging out the rear window so far that I had to grab his belt to keep him from becoming road pizza. The tumultuous motion and the booze resulted in a very long slimy slick on the side of the cab for which the driver "rudely" demanded compensation upon our arrival at the Range. My buddy took a roundhouse sucker shot at him, missed, twirled 180 degrees, and like a ballerina gingerly fell into my awaiting arms. I gave the cabby an extra buck and it was all over with a "gracias".

Once we could not afford a cab and missed the last bus out of Ft. Bliss to the Range. This meant a thirty some mile trek or to be listed as AWOL. Five or six miles into it and finally, headlights, a little sports car, top down, pulled up. It was our Battalion Sergeant Major and a CWO. Somehow five of us made it to the Range in a two seater, but three of us had bugs in our teeth.

The Radar Control van contained thousands of indicator lights that kept track of at least as many vacuum tubes. I was a frequent Murine eye drop user due to the dusty conditions in NM. One day in the radar control [RC] van, a guy asked me what was wrong with my face. It seems that those blue overhead lights made green the Murine residue and overflow around my eyes. There was a place in Juarez called the Cave, which had only such blue lighting. I was creative in decorating my face, not seen under ordinary circumstances, and became an instant hit every time I went into that place being greeted with ooh’s and ahh’s.



Our fears were finally realized one day when a guy killed a very large snake found in the latrine shack [outhouse] across the road from the IFC site on the Range. It was interesting to see the skinning process, though I never saw the belt he was going to make.

I was first introduced to tequila in Juarez. In order to determine its potency our bartenders would squirt a trail of it on the bar and then light it. The longer the flame stayed lit the better the tequila, so they said. We would wander from bar to bar "lick the salt, down the shot, suck the lemon", until fallout occurred. Sometimes spontaneous eruption occurred. In one such instance, upon completion of the obligatory lemon suck just after shot number thirteen, one guy let out a flow all over the lap of the young seniorita next to him. In a perfectly understandable mixed language she said "damme un nickel por clean my dress". Thirteen is a lucky number for Mexicans, apparently not so for North Americans.

One of our regular stops was a place named the Green Lantern, which we called the Green Latrine with good cause. The men’s room was green and instead of urinals there was a long tile covered wall, which had water dribbling down apparently to wash away urine as it was deposited. The Ginny Club was another favorite. A buddy had rented a car and was temporarily occupying a room there when the Battery Commander showed up and asked me to find the guy for a ride back to McGregor. The BC followed me as I went to knock on the door explaining the circumstances to my friend who responded with f…..him. The captain looked a little indignant, but months later he must have felt better when he found a good enough reason to bust the guy down to Sp4. In spite of this, and like me, the guy grew up in Nike, and he exited the military an E-7.

Some of us, because of our age, had never seen a strip show, but as a result of our Juarez experience most, though previously unimaginable, never cared to see another out of pure boredom, well… maybe an Anglo girl would be Ok, such as the night we saw a gorgeous platinum blond who billed herself as a relative of Jean Harlow and her husband manager, claimed to be a cousin of Joe DiMaggio. That show sold out for weeks. There were places that ran around the clock with a different girl every twenty minutes or so. I think there must have been some kind of stripper’s co-op probably making the shuttle rounds from place to place. Unless they were slaves, no one could afford to have that many employees. Once we tried to go for a twenty-four hour stint, but bailed out after some eight hours of watching naked bodies. Long before that event I had stopped wearing my eyeglasses, because the strippers were too fond of taking them off my face and placing them in their crotches.

Cabbies often led newcomers to "Cherry Hill" and the infamous donkey show, and very often the cabbies wanted to introduce us to their sisters, we must have made a good first impression. In Juarez some fulfilled everyman’s fantasy of three and even foursomes. Though ironic, it was impressive when a girl made the sign of the cross before embarking on the "dirty deed". It must be mentioned that many of the prostitutes in Juarez, like property, were sold into the profession.

Until our first weekend visit to Juarez most of us had never seen a Bullfight and few were enthused thereafter, it just seemed so unfair to the poor animal. I saw both foot and horseback fights [a rarity], and that day a matador was gored in the groin area, not much left to see after all that in just one day. After the fights, having been in cheap seats in the hot sun so long, frozen daiquiris a foot tall were the usual fare at nearby bars. At El Paso I saw my first and last live rodeo, poor critters, but also from what I saw, Evil Knieval was not as tough as some of those cowboys.

My first preview of possible later Alzheimer’s, as related the next day, occurred when we "hit" the U.S. checkpoint on the bridge in a cab and they had to take out my ID card because, I did not know if I was a U.S. Citizen. That tequila could be dangerous stuff or, could it have been the worm in the Mescal? The dog track in Juarez offered the new experience of gambling to many of us two-dollar betters who sipped free margaritas and paid more attention to the senioritas than those greyhounds. In Juarez I first ate [yuk!] frogs legs and pheasant, which was appropriately peppered with buckshot, apparently to prove it was a game bird.

Guys often had lingering headaches and were sickened by excess booze. Juarez bartenders knew what to do for hangovers. They made up concoctions, which looked like Bloody Mary’s, but topped with a raw egg. We courageously bought foodstuffs bought from street venders who picked their noses and held foods with the same fingers. The Mess Hall at McGregor became a bigger mess when one morning a guy regurgitated a stream that went across three tables. Troops spread out like the parting of the waters. One day at the Ft. Bliss Mess Hall we sat down to eat our breaded pork chops when a guy stopped chewing and started probing the crusty breading to see half a very large cucaracha, whereupon he immediately pulled the neck of his tee shirt forward and puked his guts. We were not as tough as one may think, but we kept right on eating, because we were hungry. However, few of us relished the thought of breaded pork chops thereafter. Like skillful surgeons we would peel back the breading before consuming a bite.

We suffered a casualty in the barracks when one man had his hand on the glass part of the swinging latrine door while another pushed out from his side. An artery was severed as a result creating many instant medics one of them almost choked the poor guy believing he was appropriately stemming the flow of blood with a pressure point on his neck.

There were other kinds of casualties as well. One sergeant proudly announced that he got the crabs at the Range. He eventually became a platoon leader. At BR 17 a sergeant climbed a pole carrying signals between the LCA and the IFC, he slipped and hugged the pole all the way down. The splinters were awful. At BR 04 our mess sergeant attempted to prove he still had the stuff the younger guys were made of and died on the basketball court. Finally, and also at BR 04 our cat mascot was run over by a deuce and a half.


Assumption of the Mission

Upon completion of our training we returned to BR 17 in Milford, CT, built in 1957, relieving the Army troops of the 63rd Artillery Group, thus, becoming an integral part of ARADCOM and the joint U.S. and Canadian North American Air Defense Command [NORAD]. Under NORAD the Air Force was responsible for Area Defense and the Army [ARADCOM] for point defense. In 1966 NORAD moved its Combat Operations Center into Cheyenne Mountain. Commanding its Distant Early Warning [DEW] line operations from Greenland to Alaska, the Mid-Canada Line extended from Newfoundland across Canada, and to Alaska, Navy picket ships, early warning aircraft, Air Force Texas Towers in the Atlantic and by other methods. NORAD would give Early Warning [EW] to missile sites, preparing them in advance for incoming aircraft. Three Ballistic Missile Early Warning System [BMEWS] radars the length of a football field sites were built during the 1960’s in Alaska, Greenland and in England. Coverage extended out 3,000 miles yielding a 15-20 minute early warning capability.

"Blazing Skies [aggressor engagement], this is a drill" seemed to be the words uttered every day accompanied by the wailing siren on the hill and the barking horn in the barracks. The incessant drilling however, made us truly professional missilemen. Under actual imminent firing conditions Battle Stations would be substituted for the words Blazing Skies. We only heard the words "Battle Stations" during the "Cuban Missile Crisis" and on the Range for actual firings.

Missile Battalions consisted of four batteries, which rotated action status. One was "hot" having 15 minutes to achieve ready for action status, two had half an hour, and one had two hours. If the first "hot" unit did not achieve ready for action status others were called up in turn and in their place.

In addition to battery drills we would be called to alert over the radio via tactical headquarters: Blazing Skies, this is a drill. Men would scramble to their duty stations and "pull their checks". One could hear words such as; "Interlock", "AGC", and "Missile AFC". The LCA would move their missiles and when ready for action report to the BCO their "ready" status. The BCO set the status lights at red alert and reported to HQ "battery ready" for action. Targets were assigned, named and plotted: track #2, #3, etc. The ACQ operator determined the Identification Friend or Foe [IFF] and/or Selective Identification Feature [SIF] response of the aircraft. The Missile Tracking Radar [MTR] locked onto a missile, the Target Tracking Radar [TTR] locked on to a target, dealt with jamming performing ECM when encountering it, which often required manual and aided manual tracking to keep the target in the range gate. The X band MTR operator viewed his locked on "target" the missile, echoing back a strong signal to noise ratio much envied by TTR and TRR operators who often did not see so clear a signal even when locked on. The computer settled and the plotting boards and meters displayed the target position, altitude, ground speed, and predicted point of intercept, which when within range was engaged under actual conditions. The TTR had 3 different pulse modes: short, long, and multipulse. The TRR also had two magnetrons for ECM purposes requiring "Simtrack" for short, long, and both with long and short pulse.

To preclude shooting down a friendly whose IFF system may not have been working zig zag safe corridors were established, but in actual combat those planes would probably have been taken out by virtue of the unwritten rule: "Shoot them all down and sort them out on the ground". One early problem with Ajax was that multiple batteries could be engaging the same target letting other targets slip by thus, by the late 1950’s the Interim Battery Data Link [IBDL] system evolved allowing battery commanders to see which targets were being engaged by other batteries, and IBDL was followed by the Missile Master System, while units in smaller defense areas received Battery Integration and Radar Display Equipment [BIRDIE]. In the mid 1960’s a solid state system, Missile Monitor was introduced as a replacement for Missile Master at one tenth the cost. All the former came under AADCP, the heart of the Army Air Defense network, which deployed automatic fire distribution and manual back up systems.

When an actual firing occurred, the plotting pen that had been displaying the predicted point of intercept PDI tracked the missile. The missile soared at 2.6 mach, the booster dropped off and shortly thereafter the sustainer motor started while the computer commanded the missile gyro, gave pitch and yaw steering commands to dive it to the intercept point while the missile was moving at 3.5 mach. The missile’s warhead was detonated by the computer generated "Burst Command", which reached it through the MTR, locked on to the missile throughout the mission. When ready for subsequent firing the MTR slewed to the next prepared missile for a second launch or for a new target. Boosters falling from the sky on civilian populations were of some concern in planning Sites. An Ajax booster would land about one mile from the launch site, so they did their best to have a zone, which would preclude civilian casualties.


NG Technicians & SNUFFIES

We technicians were the nucleus of battery personnel backed up by a variety of other Guardsmen, many being dedicated and excellent soldiers and some self-proclaimed draft dodgers among those who were termed SNUFFIES. To meet requirements we had to do Annual Field Training [AFT] as a complete unit and we rarely did it at a full two week clip rather, a few days here and there and we also had our monthly weekend requirements to fulfill. In the end those required days often turned out to be just extra workdays to preclude the granting of "comp time". They got a lot out of us for the money. SNUFFIES usually pulled great weekend duty such as dining room orderly [DRO], kitchen police [KP] and guard duty. Both the Launcher Control Area [LCA [and the Integrated Fire Control [IFC] areas had access gates, though the IFC tended to be called the Main Gate. Each had a small building called the guard shack with enough space for two standing men, an electric space heater and a field telephone, which one had to hand crank to ring the main switchboard and then the operator would make a connection on request. The guard was armed with a carbine, live ammunition, and a key to the usually padlocked access gate. The lock was one of those brass locks from which the key could not be removed unless it was in the locked position. So when the gate was unlocked the lock and key were usually dangling from the guard’s web belt. The IFC guard shack was known as Post #1 in Milford, not many feet away was a very long 1,000 plus chicken coop. The farmer sold his eggs on the main road. On those stagnant air summer evenings the smell was equal to the worst chemical warfare agents I had breathed up to that time.

Someone was always assigned to the BC van to man communications, particularly busiest was the switchboard. Calls came in by regular telephone, radio, and inter-battery field phone. In Milford our radio call sign was "Caddy Boy 17".


Fine Dinning and On Site Recreation

The Mess Hall was sparingly used when the Army departed in that we were responsible for our own individual food purchases unless we were activated for training purposes. The Mess Hall was in the IFC area, which meant that LCA personnel had to be bussed up for chow when it was being utilized for active duty stints. When their bus got to the front gate the IFC guys would make a mad dash for the chow hall so that the launcher guys were always at the rear of the line. Some, both Army and NG, survived their tours on pizza. When we took over in Milford the closest food was from the Dairy Queen, which had limited hours and resembled our generator shack. Within a year or two a truck stop was opened and it was the first and only twenty-four hour a day operation in town, a godsend. A new diner opened later and was nearby as well, but it closed a five PM, though they served the best ever roast beef sandwiches on crunchy hard rolls for just 45 cents. Duty drivers were being dispatched for banana boats and coffee runs, and grocery bags full of RB sandwiches. Those runs occurred around the clock when we were on "Hot Battery". The truck stop turned out to be a good place to hit on waitresses who were duly impressed by uniforms. I thought of becoming a State Trooper when I exited the Army, but nearsightedness prevented that so I joined the State Police Auxiliary. At age nineteen I was the youngest sworn Auxiliary ever serving on the narcotics squad [someone made an error] I stayed on for almost six years. One night, on my way to the Site, I stopped for a bite at the all-night truck stop restaurant. A college girl waitress caught my eye, but would not give me a tumble. I pointed out front and asked, "Is that your car?" she said no pointing to another "that one is mine". I took the license plate number, had a State Police ID run on it and called her at home the next day. She was impressed, and that led to a nice relationship, though her very educated parents did not think as highly of my Nike career as I did.

Many regular Army missilemen, for various reasons, stayed on in the areas they had been stationed. They joined the National Guard and took jobs doing what they had been doing all along, but for better pay and more stable hours.

Naturally, there was some local nepotism as there often was in National Guard units. One of our first Sergeants, for example, had a son in the unit. They discovered that they had more in common that their blood when the younger showed up at "his" girlfriends house just as the older was leaving, Rosie was in trouble! These guys had more women, and that made us all a little jealous. As his section chief when the younger reported in for his first "hot battery" [red alert], I jokingly told him to take the station wagon, go to the "big city" nearby and not return without a female. This guy knew how to take orders, and I became quite alarmed to discover that he had actually left the site. Some three hours later he returned with the goods to half my relief, but now what to do with her? Well the guys figured that out pretty quickly…to the barbershop.


Perks

During the transition period we stocked up on PX items, which would soon no longer be available to us and we learned some valuable lessons from the Army guys, particularly how to shoot pool and how to play ping pong in the Day Room and to play cards in the EM club, which we named the Alfa Club, not sure if it was supposed to be Alpha. Many of us lived in the community, but soon learned about and discovered through the Army guys, new friends and places of enjoyment for those in uniform which we had not been aware of. We realized that the ladder behind the generator shack was used for more than painting high places. It served perfectly for entry and exit over the fence, lean it to and swing it over. When a guest was midway over, a guy would jump up and pull on it, thus the decent into the compound was made with ease like a see saw, only occasionally catching a skirt on the barbed wire.


The ORE [Operation Readiness Evaluation]

The IFC and the LCA had to have a minimum separation of a 1,000 yards or the MTR could not follow the rising missile, would lose lock on, and then within seconds it would self-destruct. With Azimuth, Elevation and Parallax Range set into the analog computer, normally, once a missile bursted the MTR would automatically slew to the next missile on the launch pad. The maximum separation between areas was 6,000 yards. The two separate areas created a natural rivalry, which was actually implemented by the Army. In the beginning personnel were restricted from each other’s areas other than supervised chow runs, etc. This policy was meant as a security measure, but it was what created the separate and unequal mindsets. The departing army troops helped instill certain ideas in the IFC personnel. We were taught LCA personnel recognition, "whenever you see one or more soldiers whose knuckles are dragging the ground then you have seen a launcher crewman". We learned that we [IFC] were "Scope Dopes" and they [LCA] were "Pit Rats".

Army concern about our readiness brought ORE teams in frequently, often by chopper. For this and by reason of our mission we had to provide lists of contact telephone numbers so that we could always be reached. ORE’s were a necessity though viewed as a common nuisance, which we were able to contain for a time in that ground arriving evaluation teams often stayed at the same cheap nearby motel. The owner must have had some of our people as regular clients because; the motel clerk would call us as soon as the ORE team arrived giving us valuable lead-time to gather the crews. On one ORE occasion a security guard checked out the banana chopper pilot’s cabin. I was in the rear of the aircraft as I heard "pilot to co-pilot come in". He did not realize that he was talking through a "piss tube" [airman’s nomenclature].

The ORE team would arrive and announce "Blazing Skies, Simulate Case 3", and if the unit could not achieve a ready for action status within the prescribed stopwatch time all other units would have to come up a notch, and that did not sit well for those who had to come to "hot battery" in lieu of the unit going out of action [O/A]. To avoid that situation units who knew the quirks of their systems sometimes creatively cheated adjustments a bit to stay hot. Failing an ORE had some consequences including retraining. If the failure occurred due to maintenance then maintenance personnel were in the hot seat. In addition to ORE’s we were also subjected to monthly 24 hour air defense training, early warning board, and plotting board [EWPB] exercises to test the command and control network from EW radars to the firing units.


Physical Property and Duties

During our Hercules transition period we lived on site in concrete block barracks with a slanted roof, nice shower room and toilets made for holding hands with your grunting neighbor, neat little bunks, lockers and footlockers. All the buildings were single story, though the sewage treatment building was often a bit taller, but also concrete block and all were painted that yellowish color.

The Milford Ajax IFC Site, though run down, is intact today, belonging to the City of Milford. Now and then I take a ride up to "the Hill", walk around a bit, sit and relive some memories.

Fun duties there included: Sentry [Guard] duty, Commo Watch [switchboard operator], DRO [dining room orderly] and KP [kitchen police], cleaning the latrines, using famous Army GI lye soap and cleanser, and washing and waxing floors, etc. We had a large buffer most soldiers are familiar with. Buffing floors is an art, which lies in the wrist of the operator, and to increase the cleansing or shining capability the smallest guy would sit on the buffer for extra heavy scrubbing or buffing while another guy operated it.

Many married officers and higher rank enlisted men lived in military housing [Capehart's], which were often near, or abutting the IFC area. Few single officers lived on site, nor did many National Guard enlisted men. Those who did, usually lived in the separate private rooms in the barracks reserved for E-5 NCO’s. Higher grades lived in the BOQ. Though a Spec-5, I had a pad in the BOQ, which gave the Site a free guy when needed. Like all Sites we had a barbershop, which served in a dual capacity on some occasions, like when we had unauthorized visitors during "hot battery". They called the goings on in that small room the "barbershop quartet", because the room could not comfortably accommodate much more than four people.

Capehart housing and the site maintenance was handled by R&U, which also had responsibility for repairs and maintenance of the site. Luckily they were located in West Haven the city next to ours. We often received repairs so that they would not have to travel too far away from their HQ, particularly on Fridays. The guy in charge of R&U was enterprising, but was put on the carpet when he put in for some excess government property, particularly the tugboat that he claimed for purposes of unit morale.

Nike Ajax did not have guard dogs, but I decided that I needed to have a large German shepherd to keep me company in the BOQ. I picked up this dog at the pound, he was virtually the size of a Shetland pony. I put him in the back seat of my 58 T-Bird, and upon entry into the IFC front gate he lunged through the open window practically taking off the guards "waving on" hand. He was pretty good with me, but with others it did not go so well. When the medic notified us that he was running out of band-aids it was time for the woofer to take his further chances at the pound.

There was a small room in the administrative building [usually located in the IFC area] dedicated as a dispensary. There we would occasionally get shots and treatment for minor cuts etc. The medic, like others, did double duty. It was rumored that a salve the medic dispensed [tetracaine ointment] would prolong sexual activity; the medic quickly ran out of that stuff.

The Motor Pool was often located in the LCA, because there was usually more room there and possibly, because that area had a lot of tools available. In 1967 I qualified on every vehicle in our inventory, as did others so that we would not ever be delayed due to a lack of qualified drivers. None of us, to my knowledge ever received a driver’s badge because none of us were designated as drivers. We did double duty at everything, cross training paid off.

Our NCO club was actually an officer and enlisted men’s club, because it was the only club. That room must have been on the drawing board for other purposes because it had double doors wide enough to accommodate our first sergeant’s little Renault. He laughed that one off, but when we loaded his car in the closed trailer of a delivery truck he was not amused to find his car at Ft. Totten, NY.

We were always short of vehicles for runs here and there including trips to the ordinance shop. The lieutenant generally called on me and suggested that I hand pump some gas into my T Bird. That’s when I learned about the low octane ratings on military gasoline, which resulted in a valve job on my 352 horsepower V 8.


The Daily Grind

As a young single guy I thought I was mounting up the favors by working most holidays. In the end I learned the military mentality is "what have you done for me today". On one weekend we experienced a blizzard, which snowed us in and brought out the Red Cross in snowshoes to feed us. One of the older guys [probably forty then] was drinking some coffee which went down the wrong pipe, he whooped a cough and his upper plate went flying and ricochet off the battery control van door landing on the floor in two evenly split pieces, which he immediately re-inserted into his mouth. For three days, whenever he spoke, juices would spew forth from the wide and moving space between his front teeth. We drank a lot of coffee in those days out of those ugly Melmac cups, which could only be broken by a wrecking ball.

One of our BOQ residents was an ordinance parts clerk/supply specialist/aspiring writer and we had another guy in our outfit who could do a really good soprano voice. We had him call the "writer" in a seductively disguised voice at three AM. He directed the "writer" to walk down the entrance road in his bathrobe, because "she" was similarly dressed and ready for his action. He waited a long time, as a matter of fact, until the police arrived to query him about what he was doing on a public street in his robe and no other clothing, uhhh? Lemme think….

An hour or so later that morning I received a frantic call from our generator man who had an automobile accident. Three of us rushed to the scene nearby. Seems he was drunk and skidded on a curve going through a metal fence stopping just short of a huge metal natural gas holding ball [tank]. It was hard work, but we got him and his car out of there before being discovered by anyone. Leaving the scene of an accident was certainly not the right thing to do, but such things created the ties that bind in the military community, where young guys are often on the verge of being stockaded for intended or unintended mischievous or outright illegal behavior. Sometimes there were problems in showing up or being there on time. A little earlier in their lives mom and dad called it being late, but the military called it AWOL. In uniform things get serious, but kids are still kids.

The Milford Site was surrounded by a road containing the infamously named "dead mans curve". On two occasions guys went off the cliff, luckily without fatality. Some ten years later the road was finally corrected to reduce that hazard.

One of the ongoing problems on Sites was vegetation growth. We recruited sheep to keep the grass trim however; a broken leg suffered as a result of sheep droppings brought that to an end. Next, we were allowed to bring in prisoners from the county jail. Daily we drove the station wagon to the Bridgeport State Jail armed with riot guns to pick up our crew. One of the prisoners, a numbers guy, was said to be Mafia connected. It was not long until the semi-operational Mess Hall was serving large steaks and under the counter wine to this guy and some of his "pals". One morning, one of the prisoners pleaded with the pick-up detail to make a minor detour so he could say a quick hello to his dad and foolishly they did it. It was not long afterwards when it was discovered that he nearly beat his father to death. That event brought prisoner use to an end. Never deterred from our mission we purchased an old horse driven hay mower from a local farmer, hooked it up to a jeep and cut short our mowing activities, which were augmented by lawnmowers.


On-Going Training

There were training exercises conducted to see how well Identification Friend or Foe [IFF] systems were working, how we would react to chaff, rope, angels and to determine our adeptness at electronic Counter Measures [ECM] when subjected to broadband noise and spoofing. In some communities police set up radar units near Sites to catch poor Nike men in a rush to get to work [ORE, etc.] or home.

Site Radars [Nike radar waves traveled in straight lines] it has been alleged, were sometimes purposely beamed to disrupt police radar performance not sure if it worked, but many gave it a go.

Our equipment had to be constantly checked to assure us that everything functioned properly. Checks were called Dailies and when performed "Pulling Dailies", which usually took no more than half an hour.

Now and then they trucked in a T-1 transistorized training trailer. The simulator gave radar operators a work out of up to six aircraft at a time. The targets were produced by the Target Coordinate Generator [TCG] and the T-1 would supply a simulated engagement missile, IF, and lots of ECM. We apparently played video games long before they became popular with civilians. Now and then problems were created in the overall system, which would be best eliminated by pulling the plugs on the T-1.


Unofficial Outing

I was among the first to have a Playboy Club key, which back then stirred up a lot of excitement among the IFC crew. On one Saturday the whole crew, except the guys "pulling duty" boarded the train to NYC. We almost got ourselves ejected from the club for doing the no, no, of patting and pulling on bunny tails. Such things established camaraderie and some long-term friendships, which positively impacted on our mission in many ways.


The Very Serious Side of the Mission in Focus

The "Cuban Missile Crisis" ensued in 1962. The siren went off and for some two weeks we, the home force front line of air defense troops worked four on and four off until our heads were spinning from the Alternate Battery Acquisition Radar [ABAR], LOPAR, ACQ [range about 50 miles], TTR, A-scopes, PPI screens, and eyes became fixed or crossed watching the MTR scope. The high frequency pitch of the syncro resolvers hummed their best to put you to sleep while leaning back in the chair against a "set group" while our headsets squeezed our ears until they pained us.

In addition to other checks every six hours we did the Simultaneous Tracking test. The MTR was set to the skin track mode and it, along with the TTR that tracked targets in azimuth and elevation and the Target Ranging Radar [TRR] [Hercules only] tracked target range and locked on the same target. The BCO could read the voltage differences made in different pulse modes and if a problem arose he had to decide whether or not to accept the system. On one occasion during the crisis there was no IFF response, did we have a boggy? From Battery Commander [BC] on down, hearts started to beat more strongly and great care was taken to lock on with the TTR, operators cranking hand wheel drives to and fro visually frolicking through the "grass" [noise] on the scopes screens. Things certainly were abuzz and then it happened, no more "blazing skies this is a drill", we were in red or "Hot" status, that is actual "Battle Stations". The birds were raised and the order to remove the safety seals and hook up the booster squibs was received with refusal by the LCA NCO. The dissenter was immediately relieved by the battery commander and the next in line did his duty as ordered. None of us could believe that this was actually happening. We were hooked up and ready to fire from a civilian location, but for that red covered button. We were never in a higher DEFCON and we now know how very real that Crisis was and how close we came to actually having to push that red button.


I had been wanting to do something useful with my young life for some time and I had been certified for the Peace Corps. Just a day or two into the Crisis and I received a telegram from Sargent Shriver appointing me to a position in Gabon, French Equatorial Africa. I pondered long and hard deciding that at that particular time I was needed for my Air Defense [AD] skills at BR 17 more that I was needed by my country to build a school in Africa. In retrospect I regret that decision, but it is demonstrative of how we generally felt about our mission and the commitment we gave it at the time.

I was given a break one day during the Crisis, made duty driver and ordered to New Britain to pick up a pouch containing secret documents. I was issued a 45 cal. sidearm and a pump shotgun for my solo trip. This was gooood! I turned on the lights of the staff car [station wagon] and commenced on the Merritt Parkway, which I mistook for the Indy Speedway. On the way back I was pulled over by a state trooper [forgot my badge that day] and though I stopped, I did not get out of the car, nor roll down the window. As he tapped on the window I stupidly placed my right hand on the 45 and with my left hand I pointed to the courier pouch, which was handily, marked "Secret". He was as stupid as I, he thought a second, and then waved me on. Upon my return to the site we read the secret dispatches, which were nearly identical to the information found in the morning "Daily News" NYC newspaper.

During all this, regular duties and maintenance had to be performed including grass cutting details. The back fence area had gotten out of hand reaching a height that could not be cut by a lawnmower so we were given scythes. Shirts stripped and caps on we were cutting away chanting with each swipe: Cuba si, Castro no! Cuba si, Castro no!

Officials suggest that during the Crisis we were never properly called to active duty thus, not eligible for the Expeditionary Medal as were Florida Units who were legitimately called up. In our case we were also ineligible for DOD medals, because the CT National Guard had an established policy of not publishing civilian citations thus, we were precluded from receiving any decorations military or civilian in a traditional Catch 22.


Clearances

In Nike Hercules there was a need for increased security clearances, many of us held Secret and some of us required Top Secret, and that prompted further interviews by army intelligence and FBI personnel. Most of us knew each other quite well thus, their grilling brought forth more from the forthright than most general background investigations. After some of these sessions we felt a bit dirty and raped, though generally we did our duty by telling the truth, as we knew it.

We were naturally not allowed to discuss our missions with anyone, even within the unit, and we were told to report civilians questioning us regarding our roles. Finally, we were asked to report each other when potentially compromising situations presented themselves. These were usually drunkenness, adultery, other sexuality, finances having potential negative impact, and/or excessive spending. I suppose that overzealous reporting would have resulted in half the battery being investigated and some loosing their clearances.


Maintenance and Calibration in the Fresh Air

We found that there was great participation in collimation, but only in the summer. It so happened that the IFC area was on the highest hill [Eels Hill] in Milford, precluding the need for towers. There were splendid views of surrounding neighborhoods and the pickings to be found therein. Summertime was particularly best suited for this work. When sunbathing breasts were located with the powerful mounted telescope, there was an assembly akin to a chow line. At those times someone would invariably servo the antennae knocking one or more clowns off.

Collimation was actually a boresighting done after leveling the radars [spirit level]. The alignment of telescopes parallel with the radar beam required that the antennas be pointed at each other and the scopes crosshairs aligned and super imposed on each other by eye thus, the units should have been 180 degrees opposite in azimuth and the sum elevation angle indicators [potentiometers] were adjusted for zero. The radar alignment system [providing a common reference point for adjusting radars] was located some 200 yards from the radars often in a separate fenced in area. It was located on a tall mast on which was an RF waveguide for boresighting or aligning the radar beam with the optical axis.


Outside Occurrences

Early Ajax sites had ABAR, ACQ, TTR and MTR antennas that were naked to the wind, while the Herc had zipper entry outer skins on some antenna’s, which made the maintenance crews work somewhat more comfortable during inclement weather. The vertical ladders to Herc towers sometimes proved difficult for the weak kneed requiring an adaptation period. The metal ladders were tough on anyone not wearing gloves in cold weather. Our Herc system had a HiPAR, ACQ, TTR, TRR & MTR and later on we received a BIRDIE system.

When it snowed getting to the site was difficult, because of the steep climb to Eels Hill, on top of which our site was located. Going down was even worse, because braking in snow was not easy. At the bottom of the hill there was a stop sign and the crossroad was a busy highway. Coming down the snow laden hill in a VW Beetle I pumped the brakes as I approached the stop sign and then saw lots of traffic, I began to slide, so I purposely plowed into a snow bank in order to stop. To get out of the snow bank required almost Herculean power and wits. I left the door fully open, put it in reverse and the wheels began to spin, I then got out and lifted the front end and bingo, off she went up the hill and as I chased it, the wheels began to spin again and it started sliding back down hill, this time I caught up to her, jumped in zooming through the stop sign and luckily there were no cars coming. Whew, light up a Lucky Strike!


Reveille and Retreat on the Site’s were daily occurrences to the tune of a scratchy bugle recording. Everyone kept close track of their watches so that they would not be caught outside at the appointed times, which required standing at attention and saluting for the duration of the recording. Those in automobiles also had to dismount and salute the flag. As time went on, security guards put the flag up while it was still dark and no one complained.

My first introduction to a fire ladder truck came when our flag got whipped around and tangled on the pole. This happened often on the "hill". The fire department came out, but for some legalistic reason they claimed they could not go up and unravel it. I am not certain why, but it became my job. They shot me up in a bouncy, bouncy manner. Heart in mouth I was able to unravel the flag and bring it down. I had concern about this fear or trepidation regarding height and allayed it soon by skydiving. That reminds me of another bright guy Gordon Liddy who overcame his fear of lightening by tying himself to a tree during a storm. The LCA also had a flagpole, curiously, the ball on the top had holes in it, which could only have been made by bullets, were they made from inside the perimeter or from the outside?

Someone in a position of authority must have remembered my ladder escapade, because in 1962 I was sent to the CT Fire College to train as a fireman for my new duty as site Fire Marshal and Safety NCO. The oil and gasoline fires ruined the finish on my 58 T-Bird, and running up and down the stairs of the training tower with that heavy hose nearly interrupted my cycle of one Lucky Strike cigarette every fifteen minutes or as needed.


"….And Other Duties Assigned".


When I first applied for the job as a National Guard Technician I thought I would be a civilian technician. I did not fully read the contract or job description. It turned out that I served as mail clerk, on the precision drill team, stood for inspections, served as the unit guide-on marching in every local parade virtually every holiday, and of my own volition, I became the site scoutmaster. The drill team was begun by a really sharp LCA MSG, Linwood "Sandy" Costello who served at Iwo Jima, and we also were in the company of SFC William "Bill" Biagioni who parachuted into Normandy on "D" day.

On a formal occasion when we were still State Employees the Governor came to inspect ranks and review the troops. The order "parade rest" was given at an inappropriate time. I snapped forward the staff of the Guide-on, just glancing the passing head of the governor who stopped somewhat shaken, to ask my name and then, he probably did not know what to say, so he commended me on doing a good job, I replied, "thank you, your excellency", and that brought on a lot of ribbing later by those who had no idea of what the appropriate response should have been.

Military rank had very much to do with our positions and civilian pay grades. But sometimes it did not matter except that as always, there were those who coveted being NCO’s over being Specialists. My sewing kit was ever ready, because in nine years, I went from Sp4 to Sp5 to Sgt. to SSG and to SP6, and then, retraining under the GI Bill to become an optician, I took a position as LCA security guard [in fact launcher crewman 16C2C and then 16B2C]. Thus, I traveled back a rank at a time [administratively without prejudice] right back to Sp4. Though, when I left the Guard I retained my permanent rank of SSG.

We started out being paid from a special account in the State Air Defense Office through the U.S. Property and Fiscal Office though, assigned as state employees under the State of CT retirement system. Soon thereafter our pay scales came under the Army-Air Force Employees Wage Board. Finally in 1968, we became Federal Employees. I left the program in November 1969, obtained my Opticians license in 1972, and practiced my profession for thirty five years. We all knew this program was going to end and I was ready, though some were not. However, many stayed in the system becoming technicians in armories, in fact of the two recent State of CT Adjutant General’s were Nike men and one was my former battery commander.


Extra Curricular Activities

Being a Nike Ajax Scoutmaster [1961/62] with two assistants was a fun activity; the kids really enjoyed their closeness to soldiers. We used to march them about and that turned out to be the highlight of their meetings. A beautiful young army widow brought her son by, but he was under age for our troop. Because her husband died in service [we assumed in Southeast Asia] we decided to allow her son to attend meetings. I began dating her despite her ten year seniority and later learned that her husband drowned in a fishing accident while stationed at Ft. Benning. Our Medic/MTR and TTR operators were my assistant scoutmasters. For two years we went to the annual jamboree [campout] upstate. There, for two weeks overall, we guys were getting a little bored after day two, so we went AWOL late at night. The only thing open within twenty miles was a strip joint and hey! that was alright with us. Getting back to our specific campsite proved almost as difficult as a night compass course during bivouac. Everyone there expected that a twenty-mile march would be no problem for GI’s, wrong! It was a hell of a trek ending with the last mile going up a mountain carrying at least three extra acquired canteens and one kid on my back. In the following year we were on our way to the jamboree as extras, but somehow we ended up in Niagara Falls, no more jamborees for us we thought to ourselves, as we descended into the falls by helicopter. One of my scouts later went to West Point and as a full Colonel he confided in me that it was my example that led him to the military, whew! this was a humbling experience reinforcing that sometimes all is not for naught. He called me from the Embassy in Cairo with an invitation to stay at his apartment for a couple of weeks. My son and I went and had a great time beginning with being met at the airport by a bulletproof staff car with flags flapping in the breeze.


Oops!

On one sunny day a dummy [luckily] Nike Ajax Missile dislodged from it’s in transient lowboy trailer onto a street in Milford. People came from miles around to view this event. Secrecy prevented their knowing better, but many civilians thought they had a "nuc" lying on their street. That street just happened to be the one where the woman I married in 1971 was living. Imagine, I drove by there frequently in a jeep to the LCA, perhaps purposely not noticing the cute little girl making mud pies or selling lemon aid who would one day be my wife.


Earlier in 1955 B Battery 602d, later C battery of the 36th, from its temporary site at Ft. Mead launched an Ajax missile in error causing unit personnel to clean debris for days from the Baltimore Washington Expressway. In South Korea [1967] , after standing down from Battle Stations a Hercules missile took off, it did not fail safe, but it did come apart leaving debris all over the countryside and in the nearby town.


Some Ajax and Hercules Specifications and Capabilities


When armed the Ajax Missile MIM 3A had three high explosive fragmentation warheads mounted in the nose, center and aft sections containing 330 pounds of explosive [HE]. It was 392 inches long with the booster and weighed 2,259 pounds. Its altitude ceiling was 60,000 feet and range was 25 to 30 miles traveling at 2.3 mach.

The Hercules MIM 14B conventional T-45 warhead weighed 1106 pounds containing some 650 pounds of HBX explosive and 20,000 steel fragments. The nuclear warhead W-31 was available with as low as 2 kila tons, and moving up to 20 kt, and 30-40 kt. It was 478 inches long and weighed 10,711 pounds having a altitude ceiling of 100,000 feet and a range of over 75 miles traveling at mach 3.65.

The reason that we required a nuclear capability went beyond shooting down a squadron at a pop. Once an aircraft was hit by debris it could conceivably come down detonating its fully armed nuclear payload anyway. Hitting it with a nuc fireball, it was thought, would also incinerate the enemy bomb load, which may have exposed us to fallout, but not certain destruction in that we had a fallout shelter.

The Hercules Missile could also have been used in a surface-to-surface mission [range about 110 miles] firing conventional or tactical nuclear warheads against concentrations of enemy troops, armored vehicles, and other targets.


Ajax Wind-down and Decommission

I well remember the day in 1963 when President Kennedy was assassinated. I pulled up to the Milford Ajax Site front gate and the guard said: Did you hear the president’s been shot? Before I could answer the siren went off, I quickly drove up to the generator shack, which was already cranking out 400mz, I abandoned the car, leaving the door ajar, and ran to my duty station. After completion of all checks and when all the "ready for action reports" were made, I was finally filled in on the Dallas details.

In 1963 I went to CBR School at Ft. McClellan and then became the Battalion CBR NCO. Part of my training was to radiacmeter locate a radiological sample from a helicopter, hand recover it and proudly announce my find, was there danger? Who cared, we were men.

Soon thereafter, we began Ajax phase-out preparing to take over BR 04 Nike Hercules in Ansonia, CT as Battery D 1st BN Herc 192D Arty. During that phase- out we were instructed to bring considerable Nike Ajax equipment to Ft. Devens, MA on deuce and a half’s. On one such trip we arrived a little late and there were no men nor was a cherry picker available to unload materials, which included a generator. The OIC directed the driver to pull forward, race in reverse and then hit the brakes "real hard". It did not seem to be the appropriate method to unload, but he was an officer. On one trip we stayed overnight in "guest quarters", you guessed it! Barracks, no blankets or linen. On our way back the following morning, no shave and generally a bit grubby, we stopped at the State Armory in Hartford for some business, but first, downstairs for a cup of coffee and a doughnut. Eyeglasses in my pocket, I saw this old guy with silver shine on his shoulders and poked the guy next to me: "look at that old captain", he heard me. Turned out he was a general and not very pleased with our appearance either. We heard about that as soon as we "hit" the front gate on our return to the site.

Most of us were young single guys so there were always some activities for us, particularly outside stag parties. When revealed that a stripper would be there few could say no. "Sally the Shape, 48 by the Tape", brought out virtually the whole crew for one stag. Her big thing was to come up from behind and whack you on the head with one or both breasts. Another stag was held in a Legion Hall, which had a raised stage and a grand piano. The dancer? called the prospective groom to the stage, had him mount the piano in a kneeling position while she began to inspect in an area equal to her head height. At first he was laughing, but then swung his arm around and over to cover his eyes. The guys went wild, but it seemed that the prospective in-laws thought that Nike men were degenerates; in this case I suppose they were right.


Our medic [Lenny Benedetto, now retired after 38 years of service, most as a recruiter] decided to throw a stag party for me, the only one I know of to have been held on a Site. We had chow in the Mess Hall, pink champagne [mixed 7UP and red table wine], and then entertainment in the nearly abandoned barracks. The three entertainers were sort of cleaning the deck in writhing frenzy and then disappeared one at a time, apparently to check the bunks in the BOQ. Guys kept disappearing too; they must have been helping the ladies make the beds.

At BR 17 [Ajax] the only fallout shelters available were the Launcher Magazines [frequently termed missile pits] in which the Nike system used "Zero Length Launchers". The pits were between 49 feet in length and 60 feet in width. Many Ajax pits were modified for Hercules to 63 feet in width. Standard Hercules sites were 62 feet in length 68 feet in width all being 30 feet below ground though some Sites had above ground storage. Magazines had elevators, which brought up missiles in the horizontal position then slid along the railing onto the launcher rails parallel to the elevator. The magazines came about because of the high acquisition costs for land in some areas. During periods of training and certain exercises IFC guys had to sometimes stay in those holes [pits]] overnight sleeping next to birds and elevators. Some Sites had Gas Drills and/or Radiation Drills wherein troops were required to operate the system under M-17 A1 or A1 A gas masks. Communications were labored as one may imagine. There were usually not many amenities or buildings in the LCA. Often near launchers stood a Launcher Control trailer, a generator building, and below were the barracks. The Warhead Building was interesting; because Ajax missiles were actually assembled there and then the Hercules warheads were installed in that building. The plain Herc nose spike warhead was conventional and the fancy one was for special loads. Ajax missiles required special handling and rubber suits for those doing the fueling because of the highly dangerous, explosive and corrosive materials being used: M-3 or JP4 jet fuel, starter fluid: unsymmetricaldimethyl hydrazine [UDMH], and red fuming nitric acid [IRFNA]. For that reason an earth Bern was use to surround the fueling area. In the event of an accidental explosion the force would be channeled upwards. When Hercules replaced the Ajax the Bern was used for assembly and warheading when the explosive parts of the missile were assembled.


Changeover to the Hercules and School Days

BR 04 Ansonia was an Improved Hercules System Site [first introduced in 1961], with a fancy IFC Fallout Shelter connected to the vans [a concrete bunker with some sixty days of rations, canned water, gas masks M-17 type, Geiger counters or radiacmeters and pocket Dosimeters. We had a High Powered Acquisition Radar L Band [HIPAR] Acquisition Radar [range was 150+ miles], TRR, TTR, MTR, other first class goodies, and even German Shepard guard dogs. We were then part of the 192d Arty. We spent up to nine days in a row in that shelter where my fondness for C-rations developed. Even now I order an occasional case of MRE’s as a nostalgic trip, but today, no cigarettes, what a wimp army this has become. The transition from Ajax to Hercules went smoothly. Technicians were harvested from CT Sites and luckily the army yielded some skilled labor. When their time was up, many RA soldiers stayed on as NG Technicians. Tony D’Amato was one of them, and he ended up retiring as a top Sergeant.

In 1965 I went to Ft. Bliss to train as a Fire Control Mechanic [often called chassis changers]. I attended the Improved Nike Hercules Fire Control System Maintenance Course 44-N-226.1, which led to MOS 23G40. A Northern boy I drove our new MGB to El Paso. Once in Texas we saw a large cow ranch with a roadside stand "Texas Broiled Steaks" and came to a halt. Unfortunately they must have killed the steer that day, because the huge slab of meat flowing over my plate had a gamey flavor that did not sit nearly as well as "aged" Long Island steaks. At Ft. Bliss I found that the speed limit on the post degraded The MG’s performance and its height from the ground made it very hot driving when the temperatures soared over 100 degrees. I paid a visit to "Smithy...the walking man’s friend" and traded for a white Caddy [a New Mexico car] with air. When I had it serviced, Cortesia Cadillac provided a chauffeur driven black limo to drop me off for schooling at Radar Park. These events turned heads that brought forth salutes before they could see my chevrons.

I heard that one could have a car interior roll and pleated in Juarez for less than a hundred dollars. My Caddy ended up looking like a pimp’s car with white seats and dash for just sixty dollars. The customs agent at the border did not agree with the receipt however. He told me to pay the tax on a three hundred dollar job or he would have to impound the car and have a local upholsterer appraise the work. I paid, but kept thinking extortion!

It was not a good idea to bring your car into Mexico, because of the high incidence of theft and worse, an accident was a crime there thus, cars involved in accidents were subject to impounding and/or confiscation. American insurance companies often put mileage limits on their policies therefore, not many strayed too far into the interior to see the real beauty of Mexico and the true charm of its people. What we saw was what they correctly perceived the majority of GI’s wanted to see. Mexican border towns are a bit like an adult Disney World combined with discount city and the Las Vegas chicken ranch.

Many of us got hassled at the border, often rightfully so for failing to declare items, and for possessing illegal items, or bringing more booze across than was allowable during a thirty day period. On one border crossing they took a whip from me, which unbeknownst to me, contained a concealed blade in its handle. I was angry that they were able to confiscate my whip and for not having known about my "bonus". On another occasion during the mad rush across the border three of us with gallon jugs of booze ran into each other. In the still that immediately followed we were saddened to see three gallons of liquid spirits languishing on a concrete floor seeping down into the drains, which were handily installed for these occasions no doubt. Some guys tried to run booze across the border by renting a car and filling the trunk. Somehow the customs people always knew, they were probably tipped off by the sellers for a reward. During my year there I filled my monthly allotment on a consistent basis though in quart sizes including many bottles of expensive liqueurs bought cheaply bought. I purchased a quantity of GI socks from the quartermaster and when I headed home a year later I slipped the bottles into socks and stacked them in the trunk. My sixties Caddy looked like a 1950’s car lowered in the back. I did not realize it then, but state after state I was breaking the law by possessing untaxed liqueur.

Just home from a "school day" at "Bliss" in 1965 I was cooking a steak on the outdoor grill, telephone in hand, I heard firsthand that the entire Northeast was in a blackout and that our unit was called up to "Hot Battery" for fear of sabotage. I was glad not to have to hear those generators operating twenty-four hours a day. And that reminded me of the day we were pulling a 400KW generator for outside maintenance in Milford. I was backing up the Stake and Plank truck; the cherry picker had the generator in the air for placement on the bed. The NCOIC was saying come-on, come-on, and ding, the truck lightly whacked the unit, the cable slipped and down she went into a pile of junk. There was an investigation, which luckily, went well for me.


Frenzy of Activity for the "Sarge".

My tour of duty at Ft. Bliss in 1965 was a busy year for me, including service as CQ. During one of my tours a MSG committed suicide. The event went unheard in that he must have shot himself as B-52’s did their daily landing and take off’s next door at Biggs AFB, which was a part of SAC. They literally shook the concrete barracks every couple of minutes for about a half an hour. To demonstrate how callous and military I was at the time, when I saw the sergeant lying in a pool of plasma separated blood the first thing I noticed was that he shot himself "off center" only near the middle of the forehead. In any event his wound was unusual, because military men’s suicides were usually inflicted with a bullet in the temple and these days through the roof of the mouth. I secured the building, posted guards and notified the MP’s and the CO. I received numerous telephone calls about the suicide indicating that the MP’s were a loose lip outfit. One call came from a purported colonel asking all sorts of questions, but I told him to present at the barracks and identify himself. He began chewing me out so, thinking he was a reporter, I hung up on him. I think he, on rethinking the situation, had something to do with Letter of Commendation I received from the CO after my departure from Ft. Bliss. The Letter of Commendation was received with a written Cross Endorsement by my NG Battery Commander. Based on the full-page commendation, a regular Army soldier would undoubtedly have received the Army Commendation Medal but, surely both CO’s were stymied by NG vs. Army, active duty for training vs. active duty, ad nauseum. The National Guard didn’t even add that commendation to the box provided on my SF-22. Sour grapes? Yep!

Due to the Viet Nam war Ft. Bliss was acutely short of NCO’s so I was tapped to be a Drill Sergeant for troops just out of basic and assigned to the AD School. This was not a Basic Training area so we made quite a hit on Saturdays doing left, right flanking and oblique marching movements to the sound of cadence. By our second and subsequent appearances we were drawing larger and larger audiences and frankly, I reveled in this along with doing inspections with the CO and often on my own. My earlier training as a 3rd Division Infantryman and my participation on the Milford Nike Site precision drill team had fully prepared me for these duties.

I received word that a family friend was in basic training on the other side of the post. During the Viet Nam war era buildup the Ft. Bliss 1st Guided Missile Brigade had opened a basic training center. On a Saturday afternoon "this" sergeant marched into the orderly room and liberated him for a "confidential matter". I am not sure how I got away with that or why I took the chance to do it, but that kid sure appreciated his first afternoon of R&R in Juarez. At the time I was driving my MGB convertible a little too fast and was stopped for speeding on Dyer by a motorcycle cop. Luckily he was kind and let the Sarge off with a warning.

Also, that year I completed both IFC and LCA U.S. Army Air Defense School correspondence courses, which further led to later qualification as "First Class" missileman in both. In 1997 I contacted the National Guard and asked for my long overdue badges. They informed me those badges were now out of inventory, but that I could purchase them at an Army & Navy store. I petitioned the Army and received them at long last. funny they had an inventory? Also in 1965 I completed a Department of the Army 20 hour Map-Reading course, and I sat for and received 24 USAFI college credits. I also served as Assistant Class leader at the "Park" where our class consisted of Danes, Italians, and Americans. The AD School itself however, had many other nationalities, which were nasally identifiable when walking along the corridors. I was appointed to and served two terms on the Character Guidance Council [sir, who me?] of the 2nd Student Enlisted Battery.


Divorce, Wedding Bells and in the Clouds

With this schedule, as one might expect, my marriage suffered and I got divorced. Just a quick day trip to Juarez did the trick, but we were also re-married that year at the Ft. Bliss Chapel and my best man was a classmate from Denmark. At my behest, two Italian classmates came over and cooked an Italian meal for us and particularly for themselves, in that our army chow was not quite their forte. I have to admit I was distressed to see them dice up a beautiful steak and dump it into their version of "gravy". Seems we Americans know Italian food and they did not!

Between the foregoing events this, then single sergeant frequented some of El Paso’s joints getting myself picked up at one bar. In she walked tall, blond, blue eyed and very beautiful, everything a visual that guy like me would want. She walked slowly towards me, stopped, and asked if I wanted a date [hmmm, a working girl I thought to myself], but instead we actually went on a date to a place in Mexico where you drive your car practically into your motel room. Since she was driving and purposely to a place like that, I correctly suspected that she was married. But, there was more. At one point she told me she had cancer, apparently to excuse her impulsive behavior. I took another look at her and thought, hey! I can live with that. Her cancer wasn’t. She had a son who later became a well-known screen star. I had a great time, and she bought!

Ft. Bliss [1965] had a parachute club offering cheap drops. I had earlier logbook credentials from Orange, MA so I took a jump there, but learned that the wind in Texas shifted quickly. I was not well prepared for that rear end landing in a cactus patch, which required standing or hunching over my desk for a few days during the basic electronics lectures of the 23G40 course. There was a certain sadness to graduating and having to leave Ft. Bliss and that was later compounded by the Letter of Commendation I received from my CO, a first for my unit. But, it was great to know that I did a good job, which was both appreciated and that I was well liked. My wife and I left El Paso early in the day, but when darkness came on we were still in Texas, it’s a big state.


Back to the Grind, SNAP’s and Letting Off Steam

No sooner had I gotten back to my outfit in Ansonia, I was appointed to the "Yellow Team" with access to the keys to nuclear weapons, and then we were notified of SNAP, which was often more than an annual event for us. Because I had just returned from school there, and perhaps not up to snuff on the drills, they decided to let me stay home, their decision was good for me. Turned out that 1966 would be the only SNAP I missed and it was the only year our unit blew it. It was kind of embarrassing to be relieved for retaining after six years of meeting our mission goals.

From our first SNAP onward I was "the" expert on the event recorder and switchboard. So even when I became a maintenance man I continued in that role. Adjusting the plotting boards and "galvanometer zero" became my forte. Now and then those SNAP trips became eventful. Once we took off from a little airport in Bridgeport, CT on a four-engine plane [Hawaiian National Airlines had the contract]. It was so overloaded that like a giant albatross it barely had enough runway for a lift off. On another occasion an engine was shut down, because of a huge oil slick on the wing, and we also made some unscheduled landings in the boondocks of Oklahoma and elsewhere for undivulged reasons on more than a couple of occasions. Some of these places seemed to have been intact though not well maintained WW II era air bases. On one trip a good friend was on his first SNAP and his very first plane ride, he was visibly scared and seated directly in front of me. As the pilot accelerated to begin his runway speed I pushed my friend’s seat reclining button and pulled the headrest fully backwards whereupon he let out a horrific scream to the amusement of all, he seemed to settle down after that. Though tension filled, we all viewed SNAP as a free vacation, because the final couple of days at Ft. Bliss and Juarez were always a "blow out".


In Juarez, shopping lists in hand, some of us would make the rounds in groups, which started out with a "Tom Collins" at the first bar we ran into. Then, on to the Florida Club. For $2.75 we had another cocktail, salad, bacon wrapped filet mignon, baked potato, hard roll, coffee and desert, and you guessed it, we left a whole three dollars. During one dinning experience there, Tony D’Amato must have had more than one Tom Collins. He was looking around on the floor and said l lost my "nitchkin". To this day I say that for the fun of it and until now only my wife knew about its origin.

Roaming around town was fun, but evading beggars was difficult. We learned a lot about bartering after being gouged once or twice. Previously in our lives few of us ever had a price quoted, which was not a firm or fair price, so we had to learn the true value of things by offering next to nothing and working up as they worked down.

We would go joint-to-joint drinking tequila shots and most, sampling the other delights offered in those places. Some of those samples turned nasty. Reporting gonorrhea to military authorities had consequences, so some would go to Juarez doctors who would scam the guys with short shots of penicillin thus, having them visit weekly. Those who got to know pimps in the clubs would be taken to local pharmacies for full shots and quick cures [though not without danger], and a few married guys got preventive shots "just in case" prior to departure. Today the fear of Hepatitis and particularly Aids would preclude such stupidity, but back then? In Juarez there was a place called the "Wall". The "fools wall" I called it, was a place on a side street where a drunk would place his tool and hoped that Monica was on the other side, while at the same time making a purchase of roast pork on a hard roll from a street vendor whose hands were not much washed and if they were, based on the color of the water in their canals, that would probably have been a fruitless effort anyway.

It always happens, despite warnings, but one of our guys, fell in love with one of "those" girls. He had to pull a lot of strings to get her out of her contractual arrangements and out of the country, to legally bring her to the U.S., but somehow they pulled it off and from last reports they were living a happily married life.

Back home and quite by accident a young woman [Ann Margaret look alike] told me about her impending Mexican divorce just as I had been notified of SNAP. We met in El Paso and at her insistence went to all the usual places in the "ZOO". She made a big hit with the working girls leaving them practically all her jewelry as presents. The guys all envied me wondering where in El Paso I might have picked up this red haired beauty. For that occasion I rented a new red Mustang convertible, it was a dream machine and she was a honey.

In Juarez barbershops most of us experienced our first facials [guys getting facials?], manicures, pedicures, and a straight razor shaves. The shave seemed to last for days for some of us younger guys. A shoeshine was obligatory there, being offered on every street corner and in all the bars. A character also went from bar to bar offering to re-energize us with battery operated electrically charged handles, and that succeeded in initiating betting games on who could hold on the longest without breaking a wrist.

Juarez also had a less seamier side, which my Italian classmates had found back in 1965. The girls were like those in the U.S., just young girls wanting to meet "nice" young guys in places that served soda and ice cream. There were also nice places outside of town in picnic area groves that had Maruichi bands, singing, dancing, cerveza, other drink, food stuffs unknown back home and naturally, our bait, women!

Some of the legitimate nightclubs in Juarez had big name performers including a relative newcomer whom I saw one night, young Wayne Newton played every instrument in the band. There was a restaurant owned by my El Paso landlord [1965] that catered to the likes of Dan Blocker of Bonanza fame [TV] and other stars whose pictures adorned the walls. This place was more Spanish than Mexican reflecting the owner’s heritage. At this restaurant you drank wine via a pattern established in swirling motion on the face. The wine poured from a small opening in the unusual styled bottle. Once the pattern was established wine was poured only at the beginning and it would then flow round and round until it reached the mouth. Mastering the technique took time and ruined many light colored tops and white shirts.

The Ft. Bliss and the El Paso area offered us more than drunken jaunts across the border. The Post movie was cheap and the movie theater in El Paso was a beautiful old time work of art where I saw the thriller "Psycho". The tramway was a pleasant ride and a way to gain an overview of the city. Nearby was an area where many illegally picked young cactus bringing it home in their suitcases. The Post NCO Club had a lot to offer too, quality though cheap drinks and live entertainment, often first class stuff, especially the Country & Western stars.

Being a semi-civilian I passed up post barbershops, because I was no longer interested in whitewalls, so I got my first off-post haircut in Texas on Dyer Street and that was also the first time my hair was cut by a well-endowed Anglo female. Yep, she gave me whitewalls, but somehow it did not matter, the experience did.


Most who were in the Ft. Bliss area made it to White Sands and that could give one a mild preview of "Desert Storm" living, but that event was still a long way off. Long before TV’s X-Files some of us visited Roswell to discover that we were the only aliens there. Carlsbad Caverns was of interest, particularly the daily "bat show". But, back to being guys, instead of innocent tourists. In New Mexico we found what most of us had never seen before, a "topless joint" fully stocked with Anglo women.


The On-Site Mission Continues

The BR 04 Ansonia IFC was out of action during a hurricane necessitating my climb up the tower to work on the TTR. Doing an adjustment with a long screwdriver the wind actually moved me enough so that I jammed an 18kv power supply, which jolted me aback, and that unhinged the locking mechanism on the overhead access panel pushing me into the electronics, where are the other two stooges when you need them? I guess I was out for a minute or two, but then responding to frantic calls from below I rose, answered and continued my work somehow bringing us back on line. Often times we "chassis changers" needed upper echelon help, which came from Ordinance Support. In my Ajax days they were conveniently based in the same community. The Ordinance Teams were usually civilians and had hours almost as lousy as ours.

We did not know much about OSHA then, so things like lead soldering in confined spaces and using asbestos as heat shields were normal. We also were not aware that our generator shack fire extinguishers produced phosgene gas when used on fires, and had we these things probably would not have concerned us much. We also took our radar baths like men. Oh yes! we wore those film badges for awhile, but then they were collected and gone. I could find nothing in my National Guard file about exposures or cumulative dose rates either and doubt that anyone will. We "real men" did not wear, hearing protection when working in the generator shack either. Sites were on commercial power whenever practicable, but when "hot", we were not. We did not eat it, so the lead based paints used everywhere were probably not too harmful to us either. Virtually all of us smoked and ate in the IFC corridor. We smokers used burned out and gutted five hundred dollar radioactive modulator tubes as ashtrays, disposing of the guts in a proper receptacle of the day, the common garbage can.

We were required to exchange magnetrons weighing some 30 pounds, which were reworked due to their cost of some $17,000, back then. If one forgot to remove their watch before touching the "magge" it was a goner for most. I lost one that way in my early radar operator days. The multi-cavity magnetron was British developed in 1939. In 1937 the Klystron was developed by the Varian brothers in the U.S. and the Reflex Klystron was developed in 1939 by Sutton in England. Klystrons were used in the HIPAR. In 1938 the U.S. Army produced anti-aircraft fire control radars and the U.S. Navy had operational shipboard radar on the USS New York.

Western Electric and Raytheon continued to make a lot of money on parts, modifications, and improvements even after the installation of Nike Sites were completed. The primary subcontractor, Douglas Aircraft built 13,714 missiles. Some 350 missile batteries were produced. By 1958, when Herc was introduced, 200 Ajax batteries had been deployed in the U.S. The last U.S. Ajax battery Site N-63 guarding Norfolk, VA was phased out in late 1963.


Conflicts and Stress

It is commonly known that enlisted men resent and some hate their officers and sometimes NCO’s as well. We particularly disliked ORE staff some of whom would ceremoniously hang their ornate scrambled egg hats in the corridor between IFC vans. It was always someone’s job to crimp the braids on field grade officer’s hats with pliers, ever handy in that location. Lower grade officers were sometimes treated to special coffee. The corridor also served as the ordinance parts supply room, where tubes, chassis, and other repair and replacement items were stored and accounted for. In addition the corridor also served as a work area for soldering and other equipment repairs.

One lower grade enlisted man very much disliked his platoon sergeant, who made it a weekly habit to find one guy to pick on constantly. One week the designated guy was our cook who got wind of the sergeant’s birthday. The cook made up a beautifully frosted sheet cake. The whole launcher platoon sang happy birthday and then the Sarge cut his cake. He sawed, hacked and struggled to no avail, because the innards contained only cardboard.

Demonstrative of the level of stress, one of our battery commanders showed his devotion to duty and the seriousness of it by routinely becoming stomach sick when an ORE team arrived, frequently upchucking in the orderly room toilet before assuming his post on the hill. Nike service toughened him, he later moved into the state hierarchy.

Another battery commander who must have been the oldest captain in service had an occasional drinking problem and is known to be the only living person to have broken his left arm on a stop sign while driving his car. Trooper that he was, the following day he led the unit in a local parade, arm in cast and sling. I was the guide-on in that parade and attempting to follow his pace I finally decided to give up "skip and hop" and made my own, which the troops followed nicely that particular day.


Security and Training

For some reason when planning Nike Sites there was not much consideration given to physical defenses in that all Sites were most vulnerable to hypothetical ground attack by mortar or other means, terrorism was not much considered. In fact though, a few rifle rounds fired at a radar or van could easily have put a unit out of action [O/A]. Yes, wise security planning left us with an airport on one side of the Ansonia Nike Site and a Rod & Gun Club just outside the IFC fence line. Both IFC and LCA areas were surrounded by chain link fencing and the Herc LCA had a fence within the fence around the magazines. From the IFC ACQ tower one could shoot at the leftover targets on the small arms range of the Rod & Gun Club. We also formally familiarized on that range with 45 cal. sidearms and riot guns [pump shot guns]. In addition we annually qualified with small arms [carbine] at the designated State Firing Range using the very latest in ear protection…the cotton swab. On one such occasion there was a carbine banana clip being passed around. Evaluators were hard pressed to explain so many "bulls" in just one set, ….a few of us made expert that year.


Some staff officer decided that we Nike Men needed occasional "riot gas" exposure training. I for one had all the CS exposures one could ever want at the US Army Chemical Warfare Center [1958] and at Ft. McClellan [1963]. In fact, I was one of ninety-nine subjects tested with CS before it was released for general use by the army. [It has since been banned for military use at the Paris Conference however; Police departments everywhere employ it today]. So there I was, this time in a tent instead of a chamber reciting name, rank, serial number, and my General Orders, this time as a Nike man. At Ft. McClellan, I also received a wrist application of H-Mustard, which erupted into an edema filled balloon. Since then they have found that H causes cancer so they have discontinued that phase of training. At McClellan, using show and tell training methods, we had the "?pleasure" of seeing a rabbit convulse and die and we observed a goat that reached death’s threshold save for the atropine given it by a kindly sergeant. Under mask, but in the absence of protective clothing we learned that GB [Saran] could be hazardous to animals and humans as well. I must admit that at times I thought to myself, why bother training with all this antiquated stuff? In light of recent worldwide terrorism, it must be admitted that NBC [as it is now termed] will probably be a threat forever, because the formulas are well known and the agents and materials are as harmful now as they always were. Woe to us when they are in unfriendly hands.

The Milford IFC [1960-63] front gate was generally, though legally abandoned by security after regular duty hours in favor of perimeter patrol. Gaining access to the site depended on whether or not the bell worked. There were planned and implemented Site Penetrations as part of site security exercises. The OD on one memorable occasion was a "slick" warrant officer who decided to make a penetration by climbing the front gate. When he arrived on the hill with his face scrapped and bleeding we could only feign pity while laughing inside.


Personal Wind-Down in Stages

In 1967 I left the Ansonia Site a couple of times, once for employment with the Western Electric Company, a name familiar to Nike men who read equipment labels, then I joined the local Fire and thereafter, the Police Department, but soon I returned to the Site opting for a job as an LCA security guard, which meant a couple of rank busts without prejudice, but this gave me the hours I needed to use my GI Bill benefits to retrain in still another field. We all knew Nike would end as would the Vietnam War and they nearly coincided it seems. I left earlier, but finally in 1969 and I have been in practice [I think that means one learns every day by doing] as an Optician since passing my State licensure examination in 1972.

There were three of us on security who were also special police officers in different communities. As expected by the reader, we all had our 38 or 357 revolvers with us during our tours under one pretense or another, though usually under the guise of needing to clean them on our off times, but it was probably a testosterone thing.

Security in guarding nuclear weaponry consisted of four on, and four off, twenty-four hour duty. The dog handlers received time clocks and keys to insure that they were making their rounds. Being the new guy on that block I thought it curious that there were only dog tracks in the snow. In this isolated case the OD also noticed that security was only half performed learning that the dog handler had all the clock stations in the guard shack [Guard Post #4] punching in hourly and letting the dog out to make rounds. Post #4 was the access gate to the magazines. It was more spacious than the other guard shacks and seemed to have a better heater. There was always a guard there and during the nights dog handlers would breeze in an out between rounds with their German shepherds. I always liked a challenge and mine was to be able to go into the kennels and be accepted by the dogs. Those little dog candies eventually did the trick for me.

We had a young platoon leader who thought we were West Point Cadets; He was much resented so his mailbox was always filled with unordered [by him] subscriptions and other mail order goodies for which he was billed. This guy received the maximum known interbattery raspberry calls ever, at all hours, and then long distance calls to his home, and that went on for a very long time. When "caller ID" arrived he must have said to himself where was it when I needed it?


The Long and the Short of it.

I know a reader unfamiliar with our service would think that we were useless drunks, pranksters and womanizers and that is partly true, but in fact we were highly trained specialists performing a mission for the DOD to deter our enemies and to defend against them. We were also doing it at a lesser cost than before and with increased efficiency, because we had a high retention rate, thus a lower training and retraining rate, and manning requirements were considerably less as well. 48 full time technicians ran the Ajax Sites augmented by a similar number of other National Guardsmen who worked there on weekends and two full time weeks annually. We ran things much like the army did before us but, for the amount of work and time spent on that mission, we too, were underpaid and under appreciated for our efforts.

Cross training in particular, served the batteries well in that vacations and days off were not often interrupted due to a lack of ready expertise. The extent of our cross training was made clear during one early Site evaluation by a field grade officer. Lenny Benedetto admitted this officer through the main entrance as gate guard, was evaluated by the major as MTR operator, was inspected in his Medic’s office, and then Lenny served that officer coffee in the Mess Hall prompting the major to ask, do you have brothers?

In 1967 I qualified on every vehicle in our inventory, as did others thus, there was no need to search for legitimate drivers when needed, they were all around us.

The 1968 movie "Rally Around the Flag Boys" illuminated the Nike mission for better or worse. It was a comedy about a Connecticut Nike Site [purportedly the Westport Ajax Site]. It contained condensed versions of many Nike stories something like this narrative. The reader however, must be attuned to the fact that my stories are comprised of almost ten years actual service and in all that time the volume of incidents had to increase and be greater than most others experiences.

Aside from all the above "war stories" we were sharp looking and well-trained troops with a high degree of esprite de corps performing a thankless mission around the clock in defense of our country with equipment outmoded the day it was emplaced. From the early 1950’s B 52’s were our offensive capability and Nike missiles our defensive capability. The Nike program undoubtedly dampened Soviet pilot’s hopes of a free run on the U.S.

NORAD and ARADCOM were the last hope for this nation in the event of air penetration by an aggressor. Either scrambled Air Force interceptors or Nike Missiles, the very last line of defense, consisting of some three hundred batteries [bases], would do in invading long-range bombers. Bluff or not, we served our country and performed or missions with distinction and that should be a source of great pride for all former Nike Men.

It must be noted that, because of the stability of personnel and the continuity of training and cross training ARNG troops achieved 11 of only 13 perfect scores recorded at McGregor Range. The first annual service practice "ASP", [later termed short notice annual service practice or SNAP] firing, occurred there on 5 April 1957, before that [from 1955] Red Canyon Range was used. McGregor had some 23 Nike systems on line for SNAP units. When there was overage, units waited at their billets in Ft. Bliss until a site opened up.

The Drones were usually RCAT’s, which were propeller or jet driven. Air Force jets were also used by slipping the TTR Azimuth pot 1600 mils thereby creating a real situation though a shot would be with that offset, which the unit event recorder would reveal to the evaluation team to satisfy their kill query. Overall the moon shot percentage was estimated to be about 3%.


The Absence of Tangible Recognition

One unfair and irksome factor for many Nike men was that the military was very tight with its decorations and medals. We were in uniform full time though concurrently Wage Board paid civilians, defending our country around the clock, but somehow precluded from receiving the National Defense Medal, which was the most appropriate of all medals to describe our services. In 1997 a former Nike CO, then the AG State of CT, awarded me the State Military Department Medal of Merit based on my record and the U.S. Army awarded me the National Defense Medal but, because I spent an extended period [a year] on active duty at Ft. Bliss, thus not based on the merits of our mission. In 2000 the Army presented me with the Armed Forces Reserve Medal withheld by the National Guard, because someone tallying my time ran out of fingers, and then finally, my cherished Good Conduct Medal was awarded, overdue since 1959. It is harder it seems, to get what you earned when too much time has elapsed. But, as we get older these things gain greater importance for some of us. These days I am a volunteer at the VA hospital, something I find to be gratifying, because as I more clearly see the importance of my own past service, I can better understand the varied services of others thus, my work there is a tribute to them all.


Revisiting the Scene.

I went back to El Paso and Juarez in 1970 for another, but final divorce from the same woman. Nothing was the same being a civilian and older. I was a different person who had put those times behind me. However, in so many ways I grew up there and am grateful for the many experiences I had and the lessons learned there. I was however, reminded of the lunacy of "everything goes" when in the upscale Juarez hotel men’s room the attendant, towel over his forearm, reached around and pulled my zipper attempting to prepare me for a squirt, whoa…!

I ran into what might have been the last pretty stewardess. She was also obtaining a divorce, we consoled each other. She was from NYC thus, we departed El Paso together, and in my case it was my "last wave" to a place filled with fond, unusual, and out of the ordinary memories. Nike service did not ruin me as might be expected, in that this year my wife and I celebrate over three decades of marriage, albeit this gathering of a flood of memories makes me wonder how I, a mere man, could have put that lifestyle aside so easily. I advise the reader to look around and within you, and take note that things change….we change.


The End of Nike

Nike virtually ended on paper when the threat of Soviet bombers shifted to ballistic missiles, but, it stayed around awhile to be certain. The U.S. signed the SALT II Treaty in 1974 and that ended Nike Hercules in the U.S. However, as late as 1999 Nike Sites were still in operation in Greece, Italy and Turkey and were expected to remain until or beyond 2000.

Nike Site SF-88 [Under the National Park Service] preserves our history and efforts. So, we Nike Men are not forgotten after all! A heartfelt thank you to all those who spearheaded, and to those who have contributed to the project in cash and/or labor thus, symbolically preserving a large chunk of our lives.

I believe that all Nike Men should have received the National Defense Medal for their services in defending this nation. The Department of Defense, upon application, is issuing "Cold War Recognition Certificates’’. This is very appropriate for, and none are more deserving than, the men of Nike. However, in the absence of bona-fide official decorations, perhaps a commemorative medal will be struck to honor the efforts of all MISSILEMEN.


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Icon 1 posted October 16, 2005 02:14 PM      Profile for Testvet   Email Testvet   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
if you go to google and type in edgewood test vets this forum is listed 2 times in the top 10 out of 6700 hits

if you type in edgewood veterans we are the top 2 google searches in the www. I am proud of us.

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Looking for address to obtain my 201 file
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it depends on what branch of service you were in and what year did you get out?
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Army 548th Eng. Ft. Jacksons S.C. 1974 a year in MNG till 75
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Draft num. 27 in 1972 june
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8700 Page Ave
Saint Louis Mo

you can go to NARA.gov and they have the address there

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Icon 1 posted October 17, 2005 08:44 AM      Profile for Testvet   Email Testvet   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Back to edgewood business here is a copy of a letter I sent to Veterans Disability Commission

To Whom it May Concern,

I have written the Commission on several prior occasions, but due to recent events, I feel you needed to be updated on my situation so you can see how a claim the VA doesn't want to acknowledge is handled.

My Claim deals with the human experimentation tests that happened between 1955 thru 1975 at Edgewood Arsenal. I have been attempting for three years to even get the VARO to address the issue, they have just ignored it until October 6 2005 when I finally received a response , due to a letter I sent to Senator Larry Craig about the situation.

Yhe VA's solution was to have Renee Szybala, Director of Compensation and Pensions to send me a letter and a copy I would hazard a guess to Senator Craig's office.

Here is the simple paragraph used to address the issue:

"According to records at the Columbia Regional Office, you volunteered for medical testing at the Edgewood Arsenal Facility on July 10, 1974but were dischrged from the program due to illness before testing began. Based on evidence that you were not a test participant, there appears to be no basis to attribute any of your current conditions to testing. If you have additional evidence you would like to submit as part of your claim, please submit it to the Columbia Regional Office at the following address:

Columbia Regional Office
1801 Assembly Street
Columbia SC 29201

I hope this information is helpful to you.

Sincerely Yours,


Renee Szybala, Director
Compensation and Pension Service


Yes, I feel this letter will be very helpful to me at the BVA hearing, for three years they refuse to address the issues, then when forced to by the head of the Senate Veteran Affairs Committee, they out and out lie to him. My records at Columbia show no such thing.
My records reflect that I "volunteered in May 1974 at Fort Lewis Washington, I arrived at Edgewood on 25 June 1974, on the 3rd of July I was admitted to Aberdeen Proving Grounds and discharged from the hospital on 10 July back to Edgewood Arsenal, where I stayed until 22 August 1974, where I was then sent back to Fort Lewis, Washington. I was at Edgewood and used in the tests for 2 months. My records do not reflect anything near Ms. Szybala's statements and proves that the VA has gone to excessive lengths to deny claims surrounding the Edgewood test veterans.

I am in contact with five other Edgewood veterans and they are all having the same problems that I am in getting the VA to address the test issues, they claim we were not used, then they claim we weren't exposed to anything, they make it out like a lot of veterans just think they were used in secret tests, we were and have the records to prove it, everyone is now aware of what happened at Edgewood from 1955 thru 1975, it has been the subject of three investigations over the years, the Church Committe 1976, Veterans at Risk 1993, and the Rockefeller Commission in 1994. The VA promised Congress on March 10, 1993 that they would find all the Edgewood test veterans and get them medical care and compnesation if they deserved it. They have done nothing towards this goal in the past 12 years, it is not just the present administration it was also the Democrat administration of President Clinton. This is not political, these are 7120 veterans that were used in chemical weapons and drug test that violated the Nuremberg Codes of 1947, we are a signatory to the Helsinki Agreements that guaranteed medical care for subjects of this type of testing.

I do not understand the VA's refusal to address this issue in a decent manner, I don;t know if the influence is coming from DOD, or is it the VA acting on it's own. I find it hard to believe that Edgewood test veterans are all just the subject of a VA employee that mis-reads records, do they mis-read records in all the VARO's across the nation. If that is the case then some of these people need to be sent back to school for reading and comprehension.

This would not be as damaging as I have submitted claims that gave the VARO a way to approve my claims without addressing the Edgewood issues, and they chose not to do that, my cardioligist wrote a statement explaining that my PTSD from the assault and robbery in Alaska, either caused my current heart condition or aggravated it, I have hypertension, arthersclerosis, CAD, a failed triple bypass, 2 stents that have close off. They chose to deny it as a secondary condition.

My psychiatrist wrote a statement to the VARO that stated I was totally and permanently disabled by my PTSD and has given me GAF scores of 30-45 for the past three years, I asked him if I didn;t have the heart problems or back problems could I go back to work, he replied with a 4 letter word and NO.

The purpose of the claim is to compensate me for the current medical conditions caused by my service to this nation. To protect my wife and 13 year old son and to guarantee him a college education, since I will probably die before he goes, Chapter 35 benefits.

It really didn;t matter if they blamed Edgewood or the PTSD and the resulting heart problems to the PTSD and ignored Edgewood, I realize those tests are an ugly black eye for the American Military, but now to have the VA blatantly lie to a US Senator I realize that something here is not quite right.

If it turns out to be a rogue employee that is just lying about my claim, I feel sorry for him when Ms Szybala gets done wit them, but if this is a system wide attempt to deny all the test veterans compensation then there is something just plain wrong. The VA was created to protect and care for service members hurt while in service,, not to help the DOD protect their image. It is my feelings thay have decided to hang these 7120 vetrans out to dry, and ignore our claims and then just do what is necessary to keep the denials going. I wish I was wrong, but all the edgewood test vets that I am in contact with are having the same experience.

Michael G Bailey

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Icon 1 posted October 17, 2005 09:31 AM      Profile for Testvet   Email Testvet   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
even the Canadians did the right thing just last year here's the link

http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=department/press/chem_dnd_back
Author Topic: Edgewood Arsenal veterans
Tex
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" Nothing in this world can take the place of persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful people with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts.
Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent. The slogan "PRESS ON" has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race."

-Calvin Coolidge-

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Icon 1 posted October 20, 2005 09:27 AM      Profile for Testvet   Email Testvet   Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
this was sent to CNN this morning:

I watched Miles O'Brien interview the man who was gassed by Saddam, and I agree it was a terrible thing. And the fact that the only justice he wants is Saddam dead.

I look at it in a different perspective, how would you feel if you knew your government had deliberately used you in chemical weapons and drug tests and then just flat lied about it. Is that criminal? Who should be held accountable, DOD, the Army, the CIA, the VA just ignores claims regarding the tests that were done at an american army base from 1955 thru 1975 at a place called Edgewood Arsenal. It was stopped when the Congress started investigating it in 1975. There have been three major investigations into it, the 1976 Church Commission, the 1993 report from the National Institue of Health IOM section called Veterans at Risk and the 1994 Rockefeller Commission.

The last health study done on these 7120 men showed that in FY 2000 that they could not find 3098 of them using VA, IRS and Social Security records, one can only assume they have died. It also showed that of the 4022 survivors that 54% of them reported very poor to totally disabling health approx 2200 men but they never explained why. So basically you have a death and disablity rate of 74.43%. This is more amazing considering 25% of the 7120 men were classified as level D test subjects and were not exposed to any chemical or drugs. That would imply that nearly every man exposed in that 20 year period was affected by the tests.

I have been trying for three years to get the VA to address the issues in my claims for health problems that are known effects of chemical weapon exposure, COPD, skin abnormalities, sexual dysfunction, emphysema, cardiac problems and PTSD from being used in these tests.

I have written the White House twice for help, Sec Rumsfeld, numerous Senators on the VA and Armed Services Committe's, I finally got the VA to respond after writing Senator Larry Craig last month, I received a letter from Renee Szybala Director Compensation and Pensions at the VA.

She told me that my records showed that I volunteered for medical tests at the Edgewood Arsenal Facility on July 10th 1974 but that I got sick before the tests started and that I was sent back before the test began, there fore my current medical conditions couldnt possibly be caused by any of the tests.

The problem with her scenario is none of it is true, I volunteered at Fort Lewis in May 1974 I arrived at Edgewood Arsenal on 25 June 1974, I was hospitalized at Aberdeen Proving Grounds on 3 July and discharged on 10 July when I was the returned to Edgewood for participation in other tests until 22 August 1974 when our 60 day TDY period was finished and we were returned to our units, the 10 of us from Fort Lewis had nine days to get back to Fort Lewis driving our cars. I have the papers to prove I was classified as a level A test subject for use with pyschochemicals in a note to Dr Van Sim and Dr Fredrick Siddell stating that. The March 2003 report from the IOM states that all level A's were sued in 2 or more tests.

As an american I feel sorry for the Iraqi's that were abused by Saddam Hussein, but I know that 7120 enlisted army veterans were used and abused by the US government, they refuse to acknowledge our health problems caused by the tests and refuse to give us medical care and compensation. Many of the 3098 died without ever telling their families they were used in these tests, due to national security clauses, we were told we would be sent to Leavenworth Barracks for violating natinal security acts.

There was an article written about this at GOPUSA.com by TOM Segel a highly decorated marine from the Korean War and Vietnam war it was titled Justice Delayed is Justice Denied
For Veterans ... Justice Delayed ... Is Justice Denied -- Thomas D. Segel -- G

I have the names and email addresses of five other test vets that are having the same problems I am in getting the government to address our problems. It is a shame that chemical weapons were used by saddam, but they were used in America on it's soldeirs and sailors many times for "research" SHAD, the nuclear weapons tests, Edgewood Arsenal, Fort Deitrich, Dugway Proving grounds, we are not without blame ourselves.

Then you have to remember the mustard gas that Saddam used on the Kurds was sold to him by President Reagan and Secretary Rumsfeld in the 80's among other nasty things, just like we gave Osama Bin Laden the hand held missles to shoot down Soviet helicopters during the Russian Afghan war, we are not without complicity.

I have the names and addresses of the other test vets if you would do a story and tell our story to america, maybe then the VA and DOD would give us the medical care and compensation we and our families deserve.

Michael G Bailey a disabled veteran
803-791-7953